1. 1 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 AMANDA and IceCube Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison

2. 2 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 USA: Bartol Research Institute, Delaware Univ. of Alabama Pennsylvania State University UC Berkeley UC Irvine Clark-Atlanta University Univ. of Maryland IAS, Princeton University of Wisconsin-Madison University of Wisconsin-River Falls LBNL, Berkeley University of Alaska, Anchorage University of Kansas Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana Sweden: Uppsala Universitet Stockholm Universitet UK: Oxford University Netherlands: Universiteit Utrecht Belgium: Vrije Universiteit Brussel Université Libre de Bruxelles Universiteit Gent Université de Mons-Hainaut Germany: Universität Mainz DESY-Zeuthen Universität Dortmund Universität Wuppertal Humboldt-Universität Berlin RWTH Aachen Japan: Chiba University New Zealand: University of Canterbury Antarctica: Amundsen-Scott Station IceCube: People

3. 3 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 IceTop(Air Showers): ● 2 Surface Tanks per InIce String, 2 DOMs per Tank ● 2008: 80 Tanks Installed Amanda: ● Ø=200m, h=500m (0.02 km³) ● 677 OMs on 19 Strings (from 2000) InIce: ● 1 km 3 instrumented ● 4800 Digital Optical Modules (DOMs) on 80 strings ● 2008: 40 Strings deployed (“IC40”) IceCube: Hardware

4. 4 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 IceCube AMANDA (until 2009) 2008/09 2009/10 High-Energy Extension (10 strings) Runway DeepCore (2008/09-) 6+ Strings South Pole

5. 5 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 5 MW Power 2.5km Cable String Deployment 2 Days

6. 6 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 1 km 3 year by early 2009 now 40 Strings! Integrated Exposure

7. 7 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Neutrino Interaction Muon (Very Basic) Detection Principle Cherenkov Cone

8. 8 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 C. Finley/J. Dumm, UW atmospheric neutrinos WIMPs oscillation galactic sources AGN GRB UHE diffuse flux Neutrino Physics

9. 9 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Atmospheric Muons 500Hz Muons From Neutrinos ≃ 20/h Coincident Muons 25Hz up to 10s of meters

10. 10 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Background

11. 11 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Event Filters 70°

12. 12 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Average Ice Parameters (l=400nm): Absorption: ~110m Scattering: ~20m 60ky K. Woschnagg, LBNL dust peaks correspond to cold periods during last Ice Age 40-60ky Ice regular ice dust layer clear ice Depth of Track (Muons near Horizon) FLU X

13. 13 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Analyses

14. 14 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 K. Muenich, Uni Dortmund diffuse analysis MPR: Mannheim/Protheroe/Rachen AGN Model ● Unfolded Energy Spectrum ● Consistent with Theory ● Only proven AMANDA/IceCube neutrino source Atmospheric Neutrinos

15. 15 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 IceCube (hoped for) WIMPs Neutralino Pair Annihilation

16. 16 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 GRBs 080319B IC9 only expected signal: ≈0.1 events R03a: Choked Burst Model R03b: Supranova Model WB03: Waxman-Bahcall MN06: Murase-Nagataki L. Gerhardt, LBNL

17. 17 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 J. Hodges, UW (PhD Thesis) 1 Year IC80 (estimated) WB Flux Latest Result (4-year AMANDA) astro-ph/0705.1315 Diffuse Neutrino Flux Charm, Composition...

18. 18 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Point Sources

19. 19 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 A. Gross, MPIK-HD Sources: Sky Map

20. 20 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Significance 95% of randomized skies have a higher maximum significance! Maximum Significance DEC=54 o, RA=11.4h “3.38  ” Final AMANDA Result 2000-2006, 3.8y livetime J. Braun, UW

21. 21 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 4.47 1.93 3.28 2.00 7.21 1.57 4.17 2.18 3.38 3.56 1.26 0.67 Cassiopeia A 0.10 0.29 0.57 0.033 0.64 0.086 0.43 0.44 0.22 0.82 Excess parameter -log10 P LSI +61 303 Cygnus X-1 1ES1959+650 M87 Markarian 501 3C273 SS433 Crab Nebula Cygnus X-3 Markarian 421 Flux upper limit for  =  0 E -2 90% CL [10 -11 TeV cm -2 s -1 ] Source AG N m-QSO SN R 6.07 0.0086 Geminga ● 26 sources selected to reduce trial factor ● No indication for neutrino point sources (consistent with random sky) Probability: 20%

22. 22 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Flux limit: IC9 ≃ AMANDA 60% of random skies have higher significance Source: C. Finley, UW IC9 Point Source Search

23. 23 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 IC22 Point Source Search C.Finley/J. Dumm, UW Unbinned (UW Madison) Binned (DESY-Zeuthen) Sensitivity C.Finley/ J.Dumm, UW Discovery

24. 24 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 AMANDA B-10 IC9 AMANDA II IC80 (pred.) IC22 PSF[ ° ] 4 2 2.5 1.5 0.8 (approx.) A. Gross, MPIK-HD AMANDA/IceCube Evolution

25. 25 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 CR Connection

26. 26 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Auger vs. IceCube High Muon Multiplicity Low E-Threshold Low Muon Multiplicity High E-Threshold

27. 27 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Macro vs. IceCube High Multiplicity Large Area No Shielding Bi g Ice Small Rock

28. 28 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 S. Lafèbre, PSU [GeV] ~E -3.1 ~E -2.7 T. Gaisser, ICHEP02 10 6 eV to ~10 20 eV Cosmic Rays IceCube Range

29. 29 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 0706.4389 Muon Spectrum 70TeV

30. 30 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 K. Rosenau, P. Berghaus (UW) IceCube Muons ≃ 300 days IC22 atmospheric muons neutrino-induced muons 0.7-0.8° Zenith Angle Resolution

31. 31 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 CRCR muons Moon Shadow D. Boersma, L. Gladstone, UW PRELIMINAR Y

32. 32 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Reference Flux p,K Production Atmosphere CR Flux CR Composition Charm FmFm logE m PeVTeV GeV 100110100 110100 Not To Scale

33. 33 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 E prim,nucleon /E m ≤10 (T.K.Gaisser, “CR&Part.Phys.”) ! median primary energy muon energy CR Composition Composition Change at ≥few PeV

34. 34 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 “Poly-Gonato” Model J.R. Hoerandel, astro-ph/0210453 Steepening of Muon/Neutrino Spectrum above 100TeV few PeV

35. 35 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Atmospheric n Diffuse n J. Hodges, UW Madison Prompt Flux

36. 36 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 nmnm nmnm Prompt Neutrinos CR Composition

37. 37 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Prompt Muons Conventional Muons (near horizon) <1PeV

38. 38 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Summary IceCube can detect Muons from all zenith angles Muon and Neutrino spectrum up to PeV region measurable Sensitive to CR Composition around Knee And perhaps Charm Production in Atmospheric Showers

39. 39 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Backup Slides

40. 40 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 IceCube uses SIBYLL SIBYLL ≈ Bartol ≈ Honda '06 Pions Kaons

41. 41 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 hep-ph/0407075

42. 42 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 PMT: 10” Hamamatsu Power: 3W Digitization: ATWD (custom):300 Mhz / 400ns fADC: 40MHz / 6,400ns Dynamic Range: 200pe / 15ns Noise Rate:650Hz 12-LED flasher board Main Board Digital Optical Module waveform

43. 43 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 CC NC W-res Effective Area Factor 10 still to come! C. Finley/J. Dumm, UW Earth Transparency

44. 44 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 R. Birdsall, UW R. Birdsall, UW Madison MINOS Data 0705.3815 Muons in CORSIKA

45. 45 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 J. Braun, UW Madison Unbinned Search

46. 46 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 astro-ph/0505413 KASCADE Composition model-dependent

47. 47 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 S. Klein, LBNL Prompt Neutrino Models

48. 48 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 S. Klein, D. Chirkin ICRC 2007 High-p t Muons p t ≥3GeV/c ≥100m Separation 1000+ year -1 in IC80 S. Klein,LBNL astro-ph/0612051 A=1 A=10 CR Composition

49. 49 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 King Haakon VII Plateau 1.5km2.5km 4.4km (70 ° ) 17km (85 ° ) 28km (85 ° ) 7.4km (70 ° )

50. 50 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 top (70 ° ) Vertical ≃ 400GeV Bottom (85 ° ) ≃ 1PeV top (85 ° ) Threshold Energy D. Chirkin, W. Rhode hep-ph/0407075

51. 51 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Not Available Offline 1event/hour IceCube Muon Rates 100-200 Muons in IC22 above 1PeV

52. 52 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 Source: D. Chirkin, UW Energy Resolution m tracks, IC22 minimum ionizing

53. 53 Patrick Berghaus University of Wisconsin, Madison AMANDA/IceCube CRIS Malfa, September 2008 dE/dx dE/dx: shower energy Bundle Size Bundle Size: reject high- multiplicity showers Essential Observables for Muon Spectrum: Slant Depth Slant Depth: mwe traversed