1. Trafficking for forced labour and labour exploitation: examples and practical measures Twentieth Session of the UN Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Ciaran Morrisey CBSS TF-THB Project Officer 11 April 2011 UNODC, Vienna Anthony Jay CBSS Head of Media and Communication

2. The Council of the Baltic Sea States was created in 1992, with a permanent secretariat in Stockholm provides an intergovernmental platform for regional cooperation receives strategic guidance from annual Summits or Ministerial meetings works through network – and project – based activities

3. Member States Denmark Estonia Finland Germany Iceland Latvia Lithuania Norway Poland The Russian Federation Sweden The European Commission

4. Observer States Belarus France Italy The Netherlands Romania Slovakia Spain Ukraine The United Kingdom The United States of America

5. CBSS Long-term priorities

6. Task Force against Trafficking in Human Beings

7. 7 TF-THB: Overall Objective The CBSS TF-THB strives to counteract trafficking in human beings in the Baltic Sea Region and its near vicinity through preventive and protective activities Mandated to fight human trafficking for all forms of exploitation Information sharing to identify gaps and needs Implement joint activities and develop tools to enhance the counter trafficking work in the Region Emphasis on practical hands on work - inhouse project implementation

8. 8 TF-THB: Strategic Activities 2008-2010 Training Seminars on human trafficking for diplomatic and consular personnel in cooperation with the IOM

9. 9 TF-THB: Strategic Activities 2008-2010 Joint Project with the UNODC on Fostering NGO- Law Enforcement Cooperation in Preventing and Combating Human Trafficking in, from and to the Baltic Sea Region

10. 10 TF-THB: Strategic Activities 2008-2010 Regional Information Campaign against Trafficking in Human Beings

11. 11 TF-THB: Strategic Activities 2008-2010 Improved Data Collection and Support to Research

12. 12 Data Collection Mechanisms identify, systematise and analyse existing information on data collection on human trafficking in the Baltic Sea Region address existing knowledge gaps and produce a clear overview on how, by whom and which data is currently collected in the 11 CBSS Member States make recommendations for improvements to governmental institutions and NGOs in the region.

13. 13 Data Collection Mechanisms Which actors collect data on a local and national level and if there is a national body responsible for storing, processing and analysing the collected data (e.g. National Rapporteur or equivalent) If there is an exchange between actors collecting data and whether that is structured and regulated (e.g. Memoranda of Understanding) If data on the victims, the traffickers, the trafficking process and criminal justice responses is collected and whether any of this data publicly accessible.

14. Data Collection Mechanisms 14

15. Data Collection Mechanisms 15

16. Data Collection Mechanisms 16

17. 17 Data Collection Mechanisms - Conclusions The definition of human trafficking or specific elements of human trafficking differ between countries The use of different methodologies, variables and analytical tools to collect and analyse the data within and between states The intermingling of human trafficking with other phenomena such as smuggling or irregular migration These factors mean that data comparability can not be assured

18. Data Collection Mechanisms – German Questionnaire 18

19. Handbook for Diplomatic and Consular Personnel 19

20. Handbook for Diplomatic and Consular Personnel 20 Different forms of human trafficking Why it takes place Legal Framework Builds capacity to act as a first filter Indicators to improve identification Interviewing victims Chain of Assistance and Referral Mechanisms Risk assessment Safe Return

21. Handbook... Labour Exploitation Indicators 21 Does they have a clear understanding of the purpose of travel? What type of opportunity has been offered? How did they learn of the opportunity? Who offered it? Have they signed a contract? Do they have a copy? What promises have been made? What is the employment sector?

22. Handbook... Travel and Employment Agencies 22 Did they organise their own travel or were they assisted? Are their invitation documents legitimate? Is it a reputable travel or employment agency? Has the individual or agency provided invitations before? Is the number of invitations provided suspicious? Does the person have to reimburse the cost of their travel ticket? Is there a clause in their contract for return and reimbursement of the ticket? Are they travelling alone or as part of a group? What is the person’s current profession and past experience? Do their educational certificates match their qualifications? Do their qualifications match the opportunity offered abroad?

23. Handbook... Interviewing Victims of Trafficking 23

24. Handbook... Indicators of Control 24 Does the person lack control? Have their passport, travel, identity or employment documents been taken from them? Are they able to make or receive calls? Freedom of movement? High degrees of surveillance? Dependent on their supervisor for services? Living at the workplace? In makeshift, temporary or overcrowded accommodation? Lack of access to washing facilities?

25. Handbook... Indicators of Labour Exploitation 25 Does the person… Have a contract? Have a work permit? Work illegally long hours? Receive very low pay or no pay at all? Work in dangerous conditions or with dangerous equipment? Have the necessary safety equipment and clothing? Have the necessary training or certification? Have the ability to terminate her/his situation? Know her/his labour rights and rights to association? Work in an environment other than was advertised?

26. Handbook… Direct Assistance 26

27. Handbook… Referral in Country of Destination 27

28. Handbook…Referral in the Country of Origin 28

29. Handbook... Domestic Servitude 29

30. Handbook for Diplomatic and Consular Personnel 30 Where can you find the Handbook? Download it from the CBSS TF-THB website here: Handbook for Diplomatic and Consular Personnel

31. 31 TF-THB: Strategic Activities 2011-2014 Model Memorandum of Understanding between law enforcement agencies and specialist service providers Comparative Regional Legal Analysis on Human Trafficking, focusing on methods for successful prosecution in THB cases DEFLECT – Data and Education on Forced Labour Exploitation and Counter Trafficking Cooperation with Border Guards

32. DEFLECT D C E L F E T

33. D C E L F E T ata ducation orced abour xploitation ounter rafficking

34. 34 DEFLECT – Objectives To prevent trafficking for forced labour To identify, assist and protect victims To provide a firm basis for targeted policy making

35. 35 DEFLECT – Objectives DEFLECT aims to resolve: The lack of knowledge among operational actors with the capacity to identify and assist victims The insufficient collection of comparable and consistent data The insufficient and uncoordinated communication between different actors

36. 36 DEFLECT – Partners

37. 37 DEFLECT – Target Groups Labour Inspectorates Trade Unions Employer’s associations Employment and Recruitment Agencies Law Enforcement Agencies – Police; Border Guards Public Officials – Ministries; National Rapporteurs/Coordinators; Tax and Customs officer

38. 38 DEFLECT – Phase One Expert Level Conference – 7 – 8 June 2011 Baseline Study on trafficking for labour exploitation in the Baltic Sea Region Development of a training curricula

39. 39 DEFLECT – Phase Two Four training seminars Development of a data collection checklist Publication of a handbook for labour actors Development of data collection guidelines A side-event to the 9 th Baltic Sea States Summit, Germany

40. Thank you ciaran.morrisey@cbss.orgciaran.morrisey@cbss.org www.cbss.org/tfthbwww.cbss.org/tfthb anthony.jay@cbss.orgwww.safetrip.se www.twitter.com/tfthb