1. Analysis in DHIS 2

2. Principles of DHIS 2 analysis  Flexible data model enables dynamic reporting (input != output)  Customize with report design tools – not with programming  One-click and dynamic tools for analysis are provided  Online system enables horizontal comparison

3. Dimensionality in DHIS 2

5. Categories Break-down of data elements Should sum up to a total Should be re-used as much as possible

6. Aggregation

7. Aggregation Operator Defined per data element  Aggregation strategy in the time dimension SUM  Routine data  Malaria treated, ANC 1 st visit AVERAGE  Semi-permanent data  Number of staff, Total population

8. Principles of DHIS 2 analysis Flexible data model enables dynamic reports  Data is collected for atomic units (data elements)  Reports are independent of data entry forms (input != output)  Analysis should be indicator-driven

9. Principles of DHIS 2 analysis Customize with report designers  Integrates with reporting tools (Jasper Reports/iReport)  No need for programming  Flexible report data source is provided (report table)

10. Principles of DHIS 2 analysis One-click and dynamic tools for analysis are provided  Facilitates users with different levels of experience  Facilitates requirements for fixed reports as well as deep analysis

11. Principles of DHIS 2 analysis Online system enables horizontal comparison  Feedback reports available immediately  Compare performance with other districts

12. Analysis in DHIS 2 DHIS 2 analysis tools  Report table  Standard (one-click) report  Dataset report  Static report  Chart  GIS  Web pivot table  Dashboard Integration with 3 rd party analysis tools  Excel pivot table

13. DHIS 2 analysis tools Report table  Basis for reporting  Customizable and generic data source for reports  Can be crosstabulated on any dimension  Provides relative periods  Provides report parameters One-click (standard) report  Created in 3 rd party report designers (iReport/BIRT)  Uses report table as data source (potentially any table)

14. DHIS 2 analysis tools Dataset report  Custom data entry form populated with aggregated data Static report  Upload a document  Link to a URL Chart  Based on indicators, periods, and organisation units  Bar and line charts with legends, labels and regression lines

15. DHIS 2 analysis tools GIS (mapping)  Completely integrated within DHIS 2  Thematic mapping with drill-down  Multiple data sources (Geoserver, GeoJSON, DHIS 2 database)  Legend sets linked to indicators and data elements  Favorite map views Web pivot table  Pivot on aggregated indicator data Dashboard  Quick access to favorite charts, reports and map views

16. DHIS 2 analysis tools Excel Pivot client  Local data mart synchronized with central server  Pivot table can be refreshed against local data mart  Provides off-line dynamic analysis capabilities

17. DHIS 2 analysis tools

18. DHIS 2 as data warehouse Data warehouse: System designed for integrated collection of data from multiple sources into a central location DHIS 2: Used both as data warehouse and transactional system Data warehouse: Designed using dimensional (star) or normalized (ER) schema DHIS 2: Designed using both principles

19. DHIS 2 as data mart Data mart: Aggregated data repository designed for easy data access and analysis based on user needs DHIS 2: Data aggregated in time (period) and space (organisation unit hierarchy) dimensions

20. Aggregation strategy Strategy A: Real-time – Pro: Get aggregated data immediately after entry – Con: Report generation will be slow – Con: Bad performance for other users of the system Strategy B: Batch (Aggregation happens at night) – Pro: Fast access to aggregated data – Pro: Aggregated data will be consistent – Pro: Small impact on system performance – Con: Aggregated data not available until the next day