2. Chapter 4 Foundations of our Government

3. Charter document giving permission to create a government how the colonies were created

4. Virginia House of Burgesses 1619 First legislature in colonies Legislature is a group of people chosen to make the laws Started the process of electing representatives in our government

5. Rhode Island 1636 created by Roger Williams in 1636 kicked out of Puritan Massachusetts because he spoke out against the church leaders no one would be punished for differences in opinions of matters of religion beginning of the idea of freedom of religion

6. Zenger Trial 1735 Peter Zenger editor of NY newspaper printed articles accusing NY governor of abusing his power not allowed to criticize the government Governor gets angry and throws Zenger in jail case goes to court and Zenger is founded NOT GULITY leads to our freedom of speech and press

7. Roots of American Government Direct Democracy (Ancient Athens) –Form of gov’t in which laws are made directly by the citizens Republic (Ancient Romans) –A gov’t in which representatives were elected to make laws

8. Magna Carta England’s monarchs had complete rule of their subjects or the people living under their power In 1215 a group of nobles challenged the royal power and forced the king to sign the Magna Carta signed listed rights that could not be taken away first time monarch’s power was limited

9. English Bill of Rights English Bill of Rights listed the rights of all English citizens Everyone must obey the law Parliament was established and eventually became more powerful than monarch The basic tenets of the Bill of Rights were: Englishmen possessed certain civil and political rights that could not be taken away. These included: freedom from royal interference with the law freedom from taxation by royal prerogative, without agreement by Parliamenttaxation freedom to petition the king freedom to bear arms for self- defense freedom to elect members of Parliament the freedom of speech in Parliament freedom from cruel and unusual punishments freedom from fines and forfeitures without trial

10. John Locke believed a representative government was the only reasonable kind government exists to serve the people, people don’t exist for the gov’t according to Locke the purpose of government is to protect your NATURAL RIGHTS rights you are born with…life, liberty and property

11. Montesquieu colonists afraid that all the power in one persons hands would lead to tyranny; they liked his ideas Separation of Powers Dividing the government up among the 3 branches of government: Legislative: makes law, Judicial: interpret laws Executive: enforce laws

12. No Taxation Without Representation Parliament was taxing the colonies even though they did not have any representatives in it (Sugar, Stamp, Quartering) colonies decide to rebel (Sons of Liberty and the Boston Tea Party)

13. Committees Of Correspondence effort created between the colonies to communicate with one another brought colonies closer together

14. First Continental Congress 12 of the 13 colonies organized themselves at a meeting in Philadelphia 1774 delegates wanted England to respect their rights colonist started to protest by cutting off all trade with England decide to meet again in 1 year

15. Second Continental Congress formed Continental Army (George Washington) petitioned the King for help, rejected this time they were fed up with England and decide to become an independent nation

16. Common Sense pamphlet written by Thomas Paine educate and encourage people about becoming independent from England Foolish to fight just to repeal laws, fight for independence many people did not want to leave the security that England offered

17. Declaration of Independence 1776 written by Thomas Jefferson divided into sections –preamble (why written) –declaration of natural rights (beliefs) –grievances (complaints) –attempts at resolution (attempts to fix problems) –declaration –signatures

18. Basics Beliefs in Document 1)All men are created equal. 2)All men are born with certain rights that cannot be taken away. 3)Some of the rights men have are the right to life, liberty, and to pursue being happy. 4)Governments are formed to protect these rights. 5)Governments are to serve the people. The people give the government their powers. 6)If a government does not protect its people's rights, the people can and must change the government. 7)The people reserve the right to form new governments that will protect their rights.

19. Articles of Confederation ratified 1781 first organized government in the colonies 13 separate governments; fearful of central gov’t alliance between the states national legislature is created = Congress power remained with the states each state gets one vote

20. Powers of National Gov’t Under Articles declare war and make peace coin and borrow money deal with foreign countries and sign treaties operate post offices

21. Weaknesses of the Articles National gov’t couldn’t force states to obey its laws it did not have the power to tax it did not have the power to enforce laws Congress lacked strong and steady leadership no national army or navy no national system of courts each state issued its own money and imposed its own taxes

22. Shays’ Rebellion 1786 poor farmers asked gov’t to ease up on debtors, gov’t refused threatened to sell farms to pay off debts Daniel Shays led angry farmers in raids all over Mass.

23. Shays’ Cont’d since there was no national army, Mass. had to deal with the problem on its own showed leaders that a stronger national gov’t was needed to keep law and order and fix economic problems time to meet again…