1. KAYLA MCNEILLY CARI MCGREGOR

2. What are coral reefs?  Cover.1% to.5% of oceans bottom  They host 25% of marine life-high amount of biodiversity  100,000 marine animal species, 1500 coral species  They provide ecosystem good and services  They are a large ecotourism attraction  Temperatures of around 21 to 26 °C (68° to 97° F)

3. Biodiversity  Coral reef, are home to over 4,000 species of fish  Total there are about 1 million plants and animals living in these places  ¼ of the species found in the reefs are able to find home shelter and food  All of these species are at risk of being extinct

4. Benefits!  More than 100 countries have coastlines with coral reefs  10% of fish consumed by humans are caught off the reefs  The Net Present Value is 700 US dollars  Coral reefs are used for Pharmaceutical uses  FUN FACT: Compounds found in sponges found in the Caribbean reefs are used in a treatment for HIV  Physical protection: Calcium carbonate skeletons which form an effective regenerating barrier.  Provides a lot of jobs to locals.  120,000 fisherman's jobs were lost because of damage to the Philippians reefs.

5. Big issues: 1. Climate change  Rising Temperature impact  An increase in 1-1.5 ˚C for 6 weeks causes coral bleaching  A recent study estimates that climate change will cause losses of US$ 109.9 million in the Caribbean due to increased sea-surface temperatures, sea-level rise and loss of species, among others.  Coral Bleaching  Bleaching leads to widespread mortality  Rising sea level  Acidification - oceans becoming more acidic  CO2  Carbon Sinks?

6. Big issues: 2. coal mining  Coal Mining: could eventually kill off the beerier reefs  Forth largest coal mining export in the world  Burring of the coal will lead to increase in Carbon dioxide- leading back to bleaching : ALGE CANT DO IT ALL  Dumping mud into the marine park- lead to blocking out the sun (kill off the coral along with the species that live in the reefs)

7. Pros to coal mining in the barrier reef?????  Greg Hunt Minister for the environment  It is being sent to China, and other countries to help light up homes (runs power plants)  http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-29/greg-hunt-hits-back-at- criticism-over-massive-coal-mine/5631210 http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-29/greg-hunt-hits-back-at- criticism-over-massive-coal-mine/5631210

8. Ecotourism  9.6 billion annually due to tourism!  Aesthetic beauty, diving and snorkeling  No more snorkeling trips   The main human impacts related to mass tourism development include sedimentation and loss of habitat by land reclamation, dust, and disposal of solid waste, sewage and sludge.  Research opportunities for scientist around the world.

9. The Great Barrier Reef Video  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZTN 9TubeSs&feature=player_embedded https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZTN 9TubeSs&feature=player_embedded  Human impact pesticides  22% of the world coral reefs are under medium to high risk form these land based sources of pollution.

10. citation:  http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/03/15/174411737/on-australias-great- barrier-reef-theres-a-turf-battle-raging http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/03/15/174411737/on-australias-great- barrier-reef-theres-a-turf-battle-raging  http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/01/31/269438763/australia-oks-dumping- dredged-mud-on-great-barrier-reef http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/01/31/269438763/australia-oks-dumping- dredged-mud-on-great-barrier-reef  http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/03/15/174411737/on-australias-great- barrier-reef-theres-a-turf-battle-raging http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/03/15/174411737/on-australias-great- barrier-reef-theres-a-turf-battle-raging  http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/03/07/173702462/australias-heron-island- a-canary-in-the-coal-mine-for-coral-reefs http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/03/07/173702462/australias-heron-island- a-canary-in-the-coal-mine-for-coral-reefs  http://eprints.eriub.org/48/1/Rappor03.pdf http://eprints.eriub.org/48/1/Rappor03.pdf  http://www.reef-guardian.org/Pubs/CoralReef-Value.pdf http://www.reef-guardian.org/Pubs/CoralReef-Value.pdf  https://php.radford.edu/~swoodwar/biomes/?page_id=837 https://php.radford.edu/~swoodwar/biomes/?page_id=837  http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/coal-development-threatens-great- barrier-reef/ http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/coal-development-threatens-great- barrier-reef/  http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/aug/01/-sp-great-barrier-reef-and- coal-mine-could-kill-it