1. Introduction to unix

2. The UNIX Operating System An operating system "OS” is a set of programs that controls a computer. It controls both the hardware (such as keyboards and the software (application programs such as a word processor

3. Why unix ? The most popular operating systems: Windows - from Microsoft. cheap and “billions served”. UNIX was developed long before Windows, about 36 years ago at AT&T Bell Labs in the US. UNIX systems also have a graphical user interface (GUI) similar to Microsoft Windows UNIX is required for operations which aren't covered by a graphical program, or for when there is no windows interface available

4. History of Unix MULTICS PROJECT  It was started in 1965 on Main frame GE 645 by the joint effort of 1. AT & T Bell Labs 2. General Electricals 3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)  Multics was written in Assembly Language  In 1969 Multics project was dropped.

5. In 1969, Ken Thompson & Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs - AT&T redesigned the Multics and introduced New OS UNICS (Uniplexed Information & computing system) It is written in 80 percent of C language and 20 percent assembly language. Later on totally rewritten in C language and named as UNIX (1973 ).

6. Development of Unix OS Students at University of California (in Berkley) further developed the UNIX operating system and introduced the BSD version of Unix Unix Bell Labs UNIX System V (5) Proprietary Berkley Software Distribution (BSD) Free

7. Free Software Foundation non-profit organization founded by Richard Stallman in 1985 to support the free software movementnon-profit organizationRichard Stallmanfree software movement created GNU project to provide free software

8. Flavors of UNIX Proprietary: not free) Solaris -. Solaris IRIX - IRIX Mac OS X... Mac OS X Open Source: (source code is readily available and free to modify) FreeBSD -. FreeBSD RedHat ( RedHat Mandrake Debian SuSE Slackware and many others...

9. Unix family tree

10. Linux Distributions Slackware – the original Debian – collaboration of volunteers Red Hat / Fedora – commerical success Ubuntu – currently most popular, based on Debian. Focus on desktop Gentoo – portability Knoppix – live distribution

11. Linux operating system Linux operating system developed by programming student Linus Torvalds in 1991 Linus wanted to develop Unix-like OS (UNIX-based OS). Linux is one version! Open-source, free version of Unix !

12. UNIX Interfaces There are really 2 means of connecting to UNIX computers : You can be sitting in front PC that you have Linux and logged onto. All of your commands are then being run locally on that computer. you have a full GUI environment. You can connect remotely to one of the UNIX servers. When you have a command line (or text based) environment. You can also open up a command line on local lab machines as well.

13. )The Terminal(Command Line Interface

14. Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) When you logon locally, you are presented with graphical environment.. You must enter your username and password. You also. Mainly you have the choice between Gnome and KDE.

15. Gnome

16. KDE