1. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 67-270 Record number 67-270-1 JCB call number B806 D819v Image title Biasou Primer Gefe delos Negros de Santo Domingo Place image published [Mexico] Image publisher [Mariano de Zúñiga y Ontiveros] Image date [1806] Image function frontispiece Technique engraving Image dimension height 17 cm. (platemark) Image dimension width 11.3 cm. (platemark) Page dimension height 19.8 cm. Page dimension width 13.9 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages Spanish Description Portrait of Georges Biassou. Source creator Dubroca, 1757-ca.1835 Source Title Vida de J. J. Dessalines, gefe de los Negros de Santo Domingo Source place of publication Mexico Source publisher En la Oficina de D. Mariano de Zúñiga y Ontiveros Source date 1806 notes Biassou was a maroon leader of early uprisings of the Haitian revolution. Time Period 1801-1850 Provenance/Donor Acquired in 1967. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 Commentary Add a comment geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Portraits Subject headings Haiti--History--Revolution, 1791-1804 Subject headings Maroons--Haiti

2. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 06847 Record number 06847-6 JCB call number D805 R158h /1-SIZE Image title The Court Martial which sentenced the Author to Death: General Christophe President. Creator 1 J. Barlow Creator 1 role sculp. Creator 2 Marcus Rainsford Creator 2 dates fl. 1805 Creator 2 role del. Place image published [London] Image publisher James Cundee Image date 1805 Image function plate; leaf [5, following title page] Technique engraving Image dimension height 20.7 cm. Image dimension width 17.8 cm. Page dimension height 26.6 cm. Page dimension width 20.5 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages English Description Men (perhaps Generals Christophe and Muro) pass a sentence on Marcus Rainsford who appears in iron shackles. A man in top hat, rosette and feather points to a proclamation. Black soldiers with muskets or guns with bayonets stand behind the prisoner. Decorative elements include windmill, inkwell, sword hilt, scroll, and eagle holding a sword and shield. Source creator Rainsford, Marcus, fl. 1805 Source Title An historical account of the black empire of Hayti... Source place of publication [London] Source publisher Albion Press Printed: Published by James Cundee, Ivy-Lane, Paternoster-Row; and sold by C. Chapple, Pall Mall Source date 1805 notes Rainsford arrived in St. Domingue in 1799, pretending to be an American because the English were distrusted by the Haitians. He attempted to leave the island that year but landed in Fort Dauphin [Fort Egalité] when his ship began to leak. There he was sentenced to death by General Christophe and Muro for being an English spy. For fifteen days he was imprisoned awaiting his execution which was finally stayed by Toussaint Louverture. Despite his experience, he retained a very high regard for the blacks and the Haitian Revolution. The Haitian Revolution, a series of bloody conflicts between 1791 and 1804, led to the abolition of slavery and to Haiti's independence from France. Time Period 1801-1850 Provenance/Donor Acquired before 1900. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 Commentary Add a comment geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject headings Haiti--History--Revolution, 1791-1804

3. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 06847 Record number 06847-7 JCB call number D805 R158h /1-SIZE Image title The Author when under sentence of Death relieved by a benevolent Female of Colour. Creator 1 J. Barlow Creator 1 role sculp. Creator 2 Marcus Rainsford Creator 2 dates fl. 1805 Creator 2 role del. Place image published [London] Image publisher James Cundee Image date 1805 Image function plate; leaf [6, following title page] Technique engraving Image dimension height 21.1 cm. Image dimension width 18.2 cm. Page dimension height 26.6 cm. Page dimension width 20.5 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages English Description Marcus Rainsford, behind bars in prison, receives food from a black woman wearing a cross and carrying a basket which contains a bottle. Details include a fort on a hill, a steeple [?], palm trees, and shackles. Source creator Rainsford, Marcus, fl. 1805 Source Title An historical account of the black empire of Hayti... Source place of publication [London] Source publisher Albion Press Printed: Published by James Cundee, Ivy-Lane, Paternoster-Row; and sold by C. Chapple, Pall Mall Source date 1805 notes Rainsford arrived in St. Domingue in 1799, pretending to be an American because the English were distrusted by the Haitians. He attempted to leave the island that year but landed in Fort Dauphin [Fort Egalité] when his ship began to leak. There he was sentenced to death by General Christophe and Muro for being an English spy. For fifteen days he was imprisoned awaiting his execution which was finally stayed by Toussaint Louverture. Despite his experience, he retained a very high regard for the blacks and the Haitian Revolution. The Haitian Revolution, a series of bloody conflicts between 1791 and 1804, led to the abolition of slavery and to Haiti's independence from France. Time Period 1801-1850 Provenance/Donor Acquired before 1900. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 Commentary Add a comment geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject headings Haiti--History--Revolution, 1791-1804

4. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 63-149 Record number 63-149 JCB call number Fr80 J43t Image title Toussaint Louverture Chef des Noirs Insurgés de Saint Domingue. Place image published Paris Image publisher Chez Jean rue Jean de Beauvais, No. 10 Image date 1800? Image function print Technique engraving, hand coloring Image dimension height 29.2 cm. Image dimension width 20.7 cm. Page dimension height 35.2 cm. Page dimension width 25.8 cm. Materials medium ink, colors Materials support paper Languages French Description Portrait of Toussaint Louverture on horseback with sword. In the background are fortifications and a ship. notes Louverture (ca. 1743-1803) was a leader of the Haitian Revolution. Originally named François Dominique Toussaint, he led the rebellion of slaves against the Spanish and French rulers of the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Santo Domingo), successfully fought for the abolition of slavery, and briefly established a black-governed French protectorate. There are no existing portraits of Toussaint Louverture drawn from the life. This portrait was made as part of a series of portraits of generals of the French Revolution. Time Period 1801-1850 References Daguillard, F. Mystérieux dans la gloire, p. 13 Provenance/Donor Acquired in 1963. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Portraits Subject headings Haiti--History--Revolution, 1791-1804

5. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 01127 Record number 01127-1 JCB call number E763 L651s Image title Toussaint Louverture Général en Chef à St. Domingue Creator 1 François Bonneville Creator 1 role del et sculp. Place image published A Paris Image publisher chez l'Auteur rue St. Jacques N. 195 Image date [1802] Image function frontispiece; vol. 13 Technique engraving Image dimension height 12 cm. Image dimension width 9.8 cm. Page dimension height 19.2 cm. Page dimension width 12.2 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages French Description Portrait of Toussaint Louverture. Source creator Dubroca, 1757-ca.1835 Source Title La vie de Toussaint-Louverture, chef des noirs insurgés de Saint-Domingue... Source place of publication Paris Source publisher Chez Dubroca, Libraire, rue Thionville, no. 1790. Bonneville, Graveur, rue St-Jacques, no. 195 Source date 1802 notes Louverture (ca. 1743-1803), initially aide-de-camp to Biassou, was later leader of the Haitian Revolution. Originally named François Dominique Toussaint, he led the rebellion of slaves against the Spanish and French rulers of the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Santo Domingo), successfully fought for the abolition of slavery, and briefly established a black-governed French protectorate. There are no existing portraits of Toussaint Louverture drawn from the life. This biography of Toussaint by Louis Dubroca is included in a multivolume work under the title of Melanges sur l'Amerique, vol. 13. Time Period 1801-1850 References Daguillard, F. Mystérieux dans la gloire, Fig. 2b Provenance/Donor Acquired in 1846. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 Commentary Add a comment geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Portraits Subject headings Haiti--History--Revolution, 1791-1804

6. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 67-270 Record number 67-270-2 JCB call number B806 D819v Image title Louverture Capitan de Guardias de Biasou y despues General en Gefe de la Ysla de S[an]to Domino. fue arrestado y lleva do á francia Place image published [Mexico] Image publisher [Mariano de Zúñiga y Ontiveros] Image date [1806] Image function plate; following p. 8 Technique engraving Image dimension height 17 cm. (platemark) Image dimension width 11.3 cm. (platemark) Page dimension height 19.8 cm. Page dimension width 13.9 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages Spanish Description Portrait of Toussaint Louverture. Source creator Dubroca, 1757-ca.1835 Source Title Vida de J. J. Dessalines, gefe de los Negros de Santo Domingo Source place of publication Mexico Source publisher En la Oficina de D. Mariano de Zúñiga y Ontiveros Source date 1806 notes Louverture (ca. 1743-1803), initially aide-de-camp to Biassou, was later leader of the Haitian Revolution. Originally named François Dominique Toussaint, he led the rebellion of slaves against the Spanish and French rulers of the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Santo Domingo), successfully fought for the abolition of slavery, and briefly established a black-governed French protectorate. There are no existing portraits of Toussaint Louverture drawn from the life. Time Period 1801-1850 Provenance/Donor Acquired in 1967. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 Commentary Add a comment geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Portraits Subject headings Haiti--History--Revolution, 1791-1804

7. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 69-666 Record number 69-666-1 JCB call number E802 V835p Image title Toussaint-Louverture Place image published [Milan] Image publisher [Nella Stamperìa Italiana e Francese a s. Zeno No. 534] Image date [1802] Image function frontispiece Technique engraving Image dimension height 14.4 cm. (platemark) Image dimension width 10.4 cm. (platemark) Page dimension height 16.7 cm. Page dimension width 11.3 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Description Portrait of Toussaint Louverture. Source Title [Vie privée politique et militaire de Toussaint-Louverture. Italian] Vita privata politica e militare di Toussaint-Louverture scritta da un uomo del suo colore Source place of publication Milano [Milan] Source publisher Nella Stamperìa Italiana e Francese a s. Zeno No. 534 Source date 1802 notes Louverture (ca. 1743-1803), initially aide-de-camp to Biassou, was later leader of the Haitian Revolution. Originally named François Dominique Toussaint, he led the rebellion of slaves against the Spanish and French rulers of the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Santo Domingo), successfully fought for the abolition of slavery, and briefly established a black-governed French protectorate. There are no existing portraits of Toussaint Louverture drawn from the life. Time Period 1801-1850 Provenance/Donor Acquired in 1969. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Portraits Subject headings Haiti--History--Revolution, 1791-1804 Subject headings Toussaint Louverture, 1743?-1803--Portraits

8. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 72-83 Record number 72-83-1 JCB call number D802 T735l Image title Toussaint Louverture Neger General auf St. Domingo. Creator 1 J. Sun Creator 1 role pinx. Place image published [Fürth] Image publisher [im Bureau für Litteratur] Image date [1802] Image function frontispiece Technique engraving Image dimension height 12.2 cm. (platemark) Image dimension width 9.4 cm. (platemark) Page dimension height 17 cm. Page dimension width 10.2 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages German Description Portrait of Toussaint Louverture. Source Title Toussaint-Louverture's frühere Geschichte... Source place of publication Fürth Source publisher im Bureau für Litteratur Source date 1802 notes Louverture (ca. 1743-1803), initially aide-de-camp to Biassou, was later leader of the Haitian Revolution. Originally named François Dominique Toussaint, he led the rebellion of slaves against the Spanish and French rulers of the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Santo Domingo), successfully fought for the abolition of slavery, and briefly established a black-governed French protectorate. There are no existing portraits of Toussaint Louverture drawn from the life. Time Period 1801-1850 Provenance/Donor Acquired in 1972. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Portraits Subject headings Haiti--History--Revolution, 1791-1804 Subject headings Toussaint Louverture, 1743?-1803--Portraits

9. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 78-26 Record number 78-26-1 JCB call number D804 W581h Image title [Coast of Haiti] Creator 1 J. Hibbert Junr. Creator 1 role invt. Place image published [Bath] Image publisher [W. Meyler... G. and J. Robinson,... Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, Bell and Bradfute] Image date [1804] Image function frontispiece Technique engraving Image dimension height 11 cm. Image dimension width 7.5 cm. Page dimension height 16.1 cm. Page dimension width 9 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Description Men (soldiers?) depart a coast in boats and ships at night. Source creator Whitchurch, Samuel Source Title Hispaniola, a poem;... Source place of publication Bath Source publisher Printed by W. Meyler, and sold by all the booksellers in Bath and Bristol; by G. and J. Robinson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, London; and by Bell and Bradfute, Edinburgh. Source date 1804 notes This may depict a moment during the Battle of Vertières, the final, deciding battle of the Haitian Revolution in which Jean-Jacques Dessalines defeated the comte de Rochambeau. Vertières is on the north coast of Haiti (Saint Domingue) on the island of Hispaniola, near Cap François. This poem was published the year in which the independence of Haiti was declared. Time Period 1801-1850 Provenance/Donor Former owner William Aeneas (?); acquired in 1977. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject Area Geography, maps, city views and plans Subject headings Haiti--History--Revolution, 1791-1804

10. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 06847 Record number 06847-2 JCB call number D805 R158h /1-SIZE Image title Revenge taken by the Black Army for the Cruelties practised on them by the French Creator 1 J. Barlow Creator 1 role sculp. Creator 2 Marcus Rainsford Creator 2 role del. Place image published [London] Image publisher James Cundee Image date 1805 Image function plate; [leaf 7, following title page] Technique engraving Image dimension height 20.6 cm. Image dimension width 17.9 cm. Page dimension height 26.6 cm. Page dimension width 20.5 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages English Description Black soldiers hang Frenchmen at various gallows. Military aspects include an encampment, sword, and a ladder. Source creator Rainsford, Marcus, fl. 1805 Source Title An historical account of the black empire of Hayti... Source place of publication [London] Source publisher Albion Press Printed: Published by James Cundee, Ivy-Lane, Paternoster-Row; and sold by C. Chapple, Pall Mall Source date 1805 notes The Haitian Revolution, a series of bloody conflicts between 1791 and 1804, led to the abolition of slavery and to Haiti's independence from France. Time Period 1801-1850 Provenance/Donor Acquired before 1900. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 Commentary Add a comment geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject headings Haiti--History--Revolution, 1791-1804

11. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 06847 Record number 06847-3 JCB call number D805 R158h /1-SIZE Image title The Mode of exterminating the Black Army, as practised by the French. Creator 1 J. Barlow Creator 1 role sculp. Creator 2 Marcus Rainsford Creator 2 role del. Place image published [London] Image publisher James Cundee Image date 1805 Image function plate; [leaf 6, following title page] Technique engraving Image dimension height 20.9 cm. Image dimension width 18 cm. Page dimension height 26.6 cm. Page dimension width 20.5 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages English Description French soldier pushes a black soldier into the sea where other black men are attacked by dogs. Military aspects include ships, boats, and French flag. Source creator Rainsford, Marcus, fl. 1805 Source Title An historical account of the black empire of Hayti... Source place of publication [London] Source publisher Albion Press Printed: Published by James Cundee, Ivy-Lane, Paternoster-Row; and sold by C. Chapple, Pall Mall Source date 1805 notes The Haitian Revolution, a series of bloody conflicts between 1791 and 1804, led to the abolition of slavery and to Haiti's independence from France. Time Period 1801-1850 Provenance/Donor Acquired before 1900. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 Commentary Add a comment geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject headings Haiti--History--Revolution, 1791-1804

12. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 06847 Record number 06847-5 JCB call number D805 R158h /1-SIZE Image title View of a Temple erected by the Blacks to commemorate their Emancipation. Creator 1 J. Barlow Creator 1 role sculp. Creator 2 Marcus Rainsford Creator 2 dates fl. 1805 Creator 2 role del. Place image published [London] Image publisher [James Cundee] Image date [1805] Image function plate; leaf [4, following title page] Technique engraving Image dimension height 22.1 cm. Image dimension width 17.9 cm. Page dimension height 26.6 cm. Page dimension width 20.5 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages English Description Two black soldiers guard a Grecian circular temple with two tablets enshrined under the dome. In the background are a windmill and two forts on hills. Military elements include muskets or guns with bayonets and uniforms. Source creator Rainsford, Marcus, fl. 1805 Source Title An historical account of the black empire of Hayti... Source place of publication [London] Source publisher Albion Press Printed: Published by James Cundee, Ivy-Lane, Paternoster-Row; and sold by C. Chapple, Pall Mall Source date 1805 notes The Haitian Revolution, a series of bloody conflicts between 1791 and 1804, led to the abolition of slavery and to Haiti's independence from France. Time Period 1801-1850 Provenance/Donor Acquired before 1900. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 Commentary Add a comment geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject headings Haiti--History--Revolution, 1791-1804

13. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 06847 Record number 06847-8 JCB call number D805 R158h /1-SIZE Image title Blood Hounds attacking a Black Family in the Woods. Creator 1 J. Barlow Creator 1 role sculp. Creator 2 Marcus Rainsford Creator 2 dates fl. 1805 Creator 2 role del. Place image published [London] Image publisher James Cundee Image date 1805 Image function plate; leaf [10, following title page] Technique engraving Image dimension height 20.9 cm. Image dimension width 17.9 cm. Page dimension height 26.6 cm. Page dimension width 20.5 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages English Description A black family is attacked by dogs or bloodhounds. Details include windmill, ship, dwellings, fruit trees, and palm trees. Source creator Rainsford, Marcus, fl. 1805 Source Title An historical account of the black empire of Hayti... Source place of publication [London] Source publisher Albion Press Printed: Published by James Cundee, Ivy-Lane, Paternoster-Row; and sold by C. Chapple, Pall Mall Source date 1805 notes The Haitian Revolution, a series of bloody conflicts between 1791 and 1804, led to the abolition of slavery and to Haiti's independence from France. Time Period 1801-1850 Provenance/Donor Acquired before 1900. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 Commentary Add a comment geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject headings Haiti--History--Revolution, 1791-1804

14. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 69-213 Record number 69-213-1 JCB call number E825 H673d Image title Incendie du Cap. Révolte générale des Nègres. Massacre des Blanca [sic]. Place image published [Paris] Image publisher [Tiger] Image date [1820] Image function fold-out frontispiece Technique engraving Image dimension height 9.7 cm. Image dimension width 16.7 cm. Page dimension height 13.1 cm. Page dimension width 18 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Description White men, women, and children flee from black men with swords. Includes dwellings burning, ships, scene of warfare and murder. Source Title Saint-Domingue, ou Histoire de ses révolutions... Source place of publication A Paris Source publisher Tiger, Imprimeur-Libraire, rue du Petit-Pont, no. 10. Au Pilier littéraire. Source date [1820] notes This image shows the burning of Cap Français in present-day Haiti and the massacre of the whites there as the Haitian slave rebellion of 1793 intensified. Time Period 1801-1850 Provenance/Donor Acquired in 1968. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject headings Haiti--History--Revolution, 1791-1804

15. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 05777 Record number 05777-1 JCB call number D803 D145 vol. 1 Image title Old Cudjoe making peace Creator 1 Joseph Smith Creator 1 role del et sculp. Creator 2 E. Smith Creator 2 role landscape by Place image published [London] Image publisher Published for Longman & Rees Image date 1803 Image function frontispiece Technique engraving Image dimension height 16.1 cm. Image dimension width 10.6 cm. Page dimension height 20.8 cm. Page dimension width 12.5 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages English Description Cudjoe, a black man, holds a hat and meets a European man. He is accompanied by a black associate. In the background are a tree and the entrance to a cave. Source creator Dallas, Robert Charles, 1754-1824 Source Title The history of the Maroons Source place of publication London Source publisher Printed by A Strahan, Printers-Street, for T. N. Longman and O. Rees, Paternoster-Row Source date 1802 notes Now considered an indigenous people, the original Maroons were mostly freed or runaway slaves who were freed when the Spanish left Jamaica upon the arrival of the British in 1655. Under Captain Cudjoe [or Kojo], they fought the first Maroon war against the English which sporadically continued until the Treaty of 1738. In 1738, near what is today called the Peace Cave and under the "Kindah One Family" tree, Cudjoe and the British representative, Colonel Guthrie, signed a treaty (and exchanged hats as a sign of friendship) which lasted for more than 50 years. This treaty made the Maroons the first nation/people to be granted independence from a colonizing European power and inspired the Haitian revolution. Time Period 1801-1850 Provenance/Donor Acquired in 1966. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 Commentary Add a comment geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject Area Indigenous peoples Subject headings Maroons--Jamaica

16. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 72-97 Record number 72-97-1 JCB call number E805 B819l Image title J. J. Dessalines Kaiser auf St: Domingo. Place image published [Leipzig] Image publisher [Johann Conrad Hinrich] Image date [1805] Image function frontispiece Technique engraving Image dimension height 12 cm. Image dimension width 7.5 cm. Page dimension height 17.4 cm. Page dimension width 10 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages German Description Portrait of Jean-Jacques Dessalines. Source creator Dubroca, 1757-ca. 1835 Source Title [Vie de Jean-Jacques Dessalines. German] Leben des J. J. Dessalines oder Jacob's des Ersten Keysers von Hayti (St. Domingo)... Source place of publication Leipzig Source publisher bey Johann Conrad Hinrichs Source date 1805 notes Dessalines became the leader of Haiti after the French arrested Toussaint Louverture. Dessalines led the Haitian troops in their victory over the French at the Battle of Vertières and he declared Haiti independent from France on January 1, 1804. He ruled as emperor from September 1, 1804, until his assasination in October 1806. Time Period 1801-1850 Provenance/Donor Acquired in 1972. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Portraits Subject headings Haiti--History--Revolution, 1791-1804 Subject headings Dessalines, Jean-Jacques, 1758-1806

17. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 10731 Record number 10731-4 JCB call number D801 E26h Image title Pacification with the Maroon Negroes. Creator 1 Agostino Brunias Creator 1 dates 1730-1796 Creator 1 role Drawn from the life by Creator 2 Scott Creator 2 role sculpt: Place image published [London] Image publisher I. Stockdale, Piccadilly Image date 1801 Image function fold-out plate; vol. 1, following p. 528 Technique engraving Image dimension height 20.1 cm. Image dimension width 16.7 cm. Page dimension height 23.5 cm. Page dimension width 28.5 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages English Description Black Carib rulers or chiefs stand before British soldiers. A seated man extends his arm toward them while another reads from a document. Another soldier stands nearby with a map. Also includes guns or muskets, tent, dog, bandoliers, and knives Source creator Edwards, Bryan, 1743-1800 Source Title The history, civil and commercial, of the British colonies in the West Indies... Vol. I Source place of publication London Source publisher Printed for John Stockdale, Piccadilly Source date 1801 notes Thought to represent the climax of the First Carib War, when a treaty was made in 1773 between the British and the black Carib chiefs in St. Vincent. The treaty demanded that the Caribs lay down their arms. A British soldier at the far right holds a map of St. Vincent with the boundaries of the Caribs and the English plantations on it. The man seated with his arm outstretched may be Sir William Young, an appointee in the British West Indies. One of the Carib chiefs may be Chatoyer. This image has also been used to illustrate scenes of maroon confrontation in Jamaica and Dominica. Because it was printed at the time of the Haitian revolution, it also became a symbol of British order and control in comparison with the disastrous French rule in the Caribbean. Image placed horizontally on page. Time Period 1801-1850 References Honychurch, L. "Chatoyer's Artist: Agostino Brunias and the Depiction of St Vincent," http://www.uwichill.edu.bb/bnccde/svg/conference/paperdex.html (Apr. 2004) Provenance/Donor Acquired before 1870? Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject Area Indigenous peoples Subject headings Cariban Indians Subject headings Saint Vincent--History--Carib War, 1795-1796 Subject headings Black Carib Indians Subject headings Indians of the West Indies--Wars

18. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 76-63 Record number 76-63-1 JCB call number E820 D286d Image title Débarquement de la Flotte Française à Saint-Domingue. Place image published [Paris] Image publisher [Tiger] Image date [1820] Image function fold-out plate; frontispiece Technique engraving Image dimension height 9.7 cm. Image dimension width 16.9 cm. Page dimension height 13.3 cm. Page dimension width 18.2 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages French Description Siege of Haiti. Men from warships land in boats on shore. Includes scene of naval warfare and battle. Military aspects include guns or muskets. Source Title Débarquement de la flotte française à Saint-Domingue... Source place of publication A Paris Source publisher Chez Tiger, Imprimeur-Libraire, rue du Petit-Pont, no 10 Source date [ca. 1820] Time Period 1801-1850 Provenance/Donor Acquired in 1975. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject headings Haiti--History--Revolution, 1791-1804

19. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 09745 Record number 09745-7 JCB call number E791 P793r / 3-SIZE Image title Vue du Cap Francois, Isle St. Domingue, prise du Chemin de l'embarcadère de la petite Anse. Creator 1 Fernand de la Bruniere Creator 1 role del. Creator 2 Nicolas Ponce Creator 2 dates 1746-1831 Creator 2 role Excudit. Place image published Paris Image publisher chez M. Moreau de St. Méry, rue Plâtriere No. 12, et chez M. Ponce... Image date [1791] Image function plate 1 Technique engraving Image dimension height 24 cm. Image dimension width 58.5 cm. [both pages] Page dimension height 47.8 cm. Page dimension width 63 cm. [both pages] Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages French Description View of Cap François or Cap Haïtien in present-day Haiti. Includes dwellings, church, men fishing with seine nets, a painter painting the scene under a parasol, servant and horse, horse-drawn carriage, ships, and boats in the harbor. Items in the image are identified with bird symbols in key below. Source creator Ponce, Nicolas, 1746-1831 Source Title Recueil de vues des lieux principaux de la colonie françoise de Saint-Domingue Source place of publication A Paris Source publisher Chez M. Moreau de Saint-Méry,... M. Ponce,... M. Phelipeau Source date 1791 notes Bolstered by slave labor and the lucrative sugar industry, Cap François, now known as Cap-Haïtien, became the cultural capital of Saint Domingue at the end of the eighteenth century.Also attributed to Médéric Louis Elie Moreau de Saint-Méry. Time Period 1751-1800 Provenance/Donor Acquired in 1868. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject Area Geography, maps, city views and plans Subject headings Cap-Haïtien (Haiti)--Description and travel

20. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 09745 Record number 09745-1 JCB call number E791 P793r / 3-SIZE Image title Vue du Cap François, Isle St. Domingue. Creator 1 Fernand de la Bruniere Creator 1 role del. Creator 2 Nicolas Ponce Creator 2 dates 1746-1831 Creator 2 role Excudit. Place image published Paris Image publisher Chez M. Moreau de St. Méry... Et chez M. Ponce... Image date [1791] Image function plate 2 Technique etching, engraving Image dimension height 24.4 cm. Image dimension width 59.3 cm. Page dimension height 47 cm. Page dimension width 48 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages French Description View of Cap François, present-day Cap-Haïtien, in Haiti. Elements include dwellings, churches, ships, boats, fortification, carriage transporting agricultural goods, and men surveying (?). Items in the image are identified with gull or bird silhouettes in a key below. Source creator Ponce, Nicolas, 1746-1831 Source Title Recueil de vues des lieux principaux de la colonie françoise de Saint-Domingue Source place of publication A Paris Source publisher Chez M. Moreau de Saint-Méry,... M. Ponce,... M. Phelipeau Source date 1791 notes Cap-Haïtien was once the capital of the French colony of Saint Domingue. Also attributed to Médéric Louis Elie Moreau de Saint-Méry. Time Period 1751-1800 Provenance/Donor Acquired in 1868. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 Commentary Add a comment geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Geography, maps, city views and plans Subject headings Haiti--Description and travel

21. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 09745 Record number 09745-2 JCB call number E791 P793r / 3-SIZE Image title Vue du Port au Prince, Isle St. Domingue. Creator 1 Perignon Creator 1 role del. Creator 2 Nicolas Ponce Creator 2 dates 1746-1831 Creator 2 role Excud. Place image published Paris Image publisher [M. Moreau de Saint-Méry,... M. Ponce,... M. Phelipeau... ] Image date [1791] Image function plate 5 Technique etching, engraving Image dimension height 16.4 cm. Image dimension width 32.3 cm. Page dimension height 47 cm. Page dimension width 48 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages French Description View of Port au Prince in present-day Haiti. Decorative elements include dwellings, ships, boats, and fortification. Items in the image are identified with gull or bird silhouettes in key below. Source creator Ponce, Nicolas, 1746-1831 Source Title Recueil de vues des lieux principaux de la colonie françoise de Saint-Domingue Source place of publication A Paris Source publisher Chez M. Moreau de Saint-Méry,... M. Ponce,... M. Phelipeau Source date 1791 notes Also attributed to Mederic-Louis Moreau de Saint-Mery. Image placed horizontally on page. Time Period 1751-1800 Provenance/Donor Acquired in 1868. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 Commentary Add a comment geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Geography, maps, city views and plans Subject headings Haiti--Description and travel

22. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 09745 Record number 09745-3 JCB call number E791 P793r / 3-SIZE Image title [People and places of St. Domingue] Place image published [Paris] Image publisher [M. Moreau de Saint-Méry,... M. Ponce,... M. Phelipeau... ] Image date [1791] Image function plates 25 & 26 Technique etching, engraving Image dimension height 22.4 cm. (platemark) Image dimension width 37 cm. (both platemarks) Page dimension height 47 cm. Page dimension width 48 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages French Description View of places and people of present-day Haiti. Elements include dwellings, fountains, town square, scenes of women washing clothing and selling food, men and women dancing, and men fighting. Costumes of both slaves and freed slaves are shown. Source creator Ponce, Nicolas, 1746-1831 Source Title Recueil de vues des lieux principaux de la colonie françoise de Saint-Domingue Source place of publication A Paris Source publisher Chez M. Moreau de Saint-Méry,... M. Ponce,... M. Phelipeau Source date 1791 notes These scenes are derived from paintings by Agostino Brunias and were said to have been on a set of painted buttons on a coat belonging to Toussaint L'Ouverture. Brunias, an Italian artist, was thought to have travelled with Sir William Young, the first British Governor of Dominica, to the West Indies in 1770. Until his death in 1796, Brunias concentrated on West Indian subjects. Also attributed to Mederic-Louis Moreau de Saint- Mery. Time Period 1751-1800 References Honychurch, L. "Chatoyer's Artist: Agostino Brunias and the Depiction of St Vincent," http://www.uwichill.edu.bb/bnccde/svg/conference/paperdex.html (Nov. 2003) Provenance/Donor Acquired in 1868. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 Commentary Add a comment geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Geography, maps, city views and plans Subject headings Haiti--Description and travel

23. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 09745 Record number 09745-4 JCB call number E791 P793r / 3-SIZE Image title [top] Le port de Nippe; [bottom] Cap et Môle St. Nicolas Creator 1 Nicolas-Marie Ozanne Creator 1 dates 1728-1811 Creator 1 role del. Creator 2 Nicolas Ponce Creator 2 dates 1746-1831 Creator 2 role Excud. Place image published Paris Image publisher Chez M. Moreau de St. Méry... Et chez M. Ponce... Image date [1791] Image function plates 9 & 10 Technique etching, engraving Image dimension height 35.7 cm. Image dimension width 22.2 cm. Page dimension height 48 cm. Page dimension width 33 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages French Description View of [top] the harbor of Nippe and [bottom] the Cape at Môle St. Nicolas in present-day Haiti. Includes dwellings, ships, blacks [slaves] dancing beside the harbor, fishing nets drying, musical instruments such as violin [?] and drums, fortifications, and cannons. Items in the image are identified by gull or bird silhouettes in a key below. Source creator Ponce, Nicolas, 1746-1831 Source Title Recueil de vues des lieux principaux de la colonie françoise de Saint-Domingue Source place of publication A Paris Source publisher Chez M. Moreau de Saint-Méry,... M. Ponce,... M. Phelipeau Source date 1791 notes Also attributed to Médéric Louis Elie Moreau de Saint-Méry. Time Period 1751-1800 Provenance/Donor Acquired in 1868. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject Area Geography, maps, city views and plans Subject headings Haiti--Description and travel

24. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 72-196 Record number 72-196-23 JCB call number C798 V441f Image title [Black youths plant, cultivate, and harvest indigo.] Creator 1 F. Creator 1 role gr. Place image published [Lisbon] Image publisher [Royal Press] Image date [1806] Image function fold-out plate 9 [sic]; vol. 2, part 1, following p. [342] Technique engraving Image dimension height 21.6 cm. Image dimension width 15.2 cm. Page dimension height 24.9 cm. Page dimension width 20 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Description [top] Black youths or boys [slaves] till the soil using a plow pulled by other blacks. Behind them girls plant seeds. [middle top] Blacks excavate holes to plant seeds while others use hoes to cultivate the field. [middle bottom] Black men use hooks or knives to cut the indigo crop while others bundle the stalks and carry them away. [bottom] Various tools used in indigo production in the Americas, including hoes, knife or machete, rakes, cup or sieve, and shears.Items in the image are lettered and numbered for identification in preceding text. Source creator Velloso, José Mariano da Conceiçao, 1742-1811 Source Title [Fazendeiro do Brazil] O fazendeiro do Brazil... Tom. II. Parte I Source place of publication Lisboa [Lisbon] Source publisher Na Impressam Regia Source date 1806 notes The shears are noted to have been invented by Jean Barre de Saint-Venant [Saint Yanant], French agriculturalist and engineer at Cap Français in Saint Domingue (present-day Haiti). A noted botantist, Velloso was appointed director of the press, Arco do Cego, incorporated in 1798 into the royal printing office. Meant to modernize the Portuguese empire, the Arco do Cego published at least 80 works in three years on various topics, including agriculture, navigation, and medicine. Time Period 1801-1850 Provenance/Donor Acquired in 1972. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 geographic area Brazil Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject headings Indigo industry Subject headings Indigo--Brazil

25. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 04-83 Record number 04-83-1 JCB call number E802 C867h Image title Toussaint Louverture. Place image published [Paris] Image publisher [Pillot, frères] Image date [1802] Image function frontispiece Technique engraving Image dimension height 11.7 cm. Image dimension width 7 cm. Page dimension height 16.7 cm. Page dimension width 9.2 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages French Description Portrait of Toussaint Louverture wearing a bicorn hat. Source creator Cousin d'Avallon, 1769-1840 Source Title Histoire de Toussaint-Louverture chef des noirs insurgés de Saint-Domingue;... Source place of publication A Paris Source publisher Chez Pillot, frères, libraires, sur le Pont-Neuf, no. 5 Source date an x. - 1802 notes Louverture (ca. 1743-1803), initially aide-de-camp to Biassou, was later leader of the Haitian Revolution. Originally named François Dominique Toussaint, he led the rebellion of slaves against the Spanish and French rulers of the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Santo Domingo), successfully fought for the abolition of slavery, and briefly established a black-governed French protectorate. There are no known existing portraits of Toussaint Louverture drawn from the life.Charles-Yves Cousin d'Avallon was also the author of songs and such works as Mes Promenades Philosophiques et critiques dans Paris (Paris, 1801), Le parfait agriculteur (1809), and Nouveau dictionnaire de cuisine et d'office.Cf. #s 72-83-1, 01127-1, 67-270-2, 69-666-1. Time Period 1801-1850 Provenance/Donor Acquired in 2004. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Portraits Subject headings Toussaint Louverture, 1743?-1803

26. ------------- Image1 ------------- Field Data Accession number 68-598 Record number 68-598-7 JCB call number E775 R274h / 1-SIZE Image title [Woman nurses children before scene of European men beating black men] Place image published [Geneva] Image date [1775] Image function plate; vol. 2, following 270 Technique etching, engraving Image dimension height 18.2 cm. Image dimension width 13.3 cm. Page dimension height 25.7 cm. Page dimension width 18.9 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Description Woman with many breasts suckles a white baby and a black baby while in the background European soldiers beat black men [slaves?] with swords. Includes dwellings, ships, and fortifications. Source creator Raynal, abbé (Guillaume-Thomas-François), 1713-1796 Source Title Histoire philosophique et politique des établissemens et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes... Tome deuxieme Source place of publication Geneve [Geneva] Source publisher Chez les libraires associés Source date M. DCC. LXXV. [1775] notes Text describes the colonizing efforts of the French in the Caribbean, especially in Saint Domingue, present-day Haiti. Raynal, an Enlightenment philosopher, wrote of the horrors of slavery in the colonies. Time Period 1751-1800 Visual categories Emblems (Allegorical pictures) Provenance/Donor Acquired in 1968. Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject headings Slavery Subject headings Emblems