1. MIGRATION, PUBLIC POLICY, and LATINO COMMUNITIES

2. READING Smith, Talons, ch. 8 [again] Domínguez and Fernández de Castro, chapters 2, 4, 5 (Mexico, Central America, Caribbean) Jorge Castañeda, ExMex: From Migrants to Immigrants, ch. 8 (Course Reader # 6)

3. INTRODUCTION: PATTERNS AND POLICIES THE NUMBERS GAME(S) Flows Stocks Proportions Costs and benefits Rates of assimilation

4. EMOTIONAL ISSUES AND POLITICAL DEBATES Ethnicity vs. melting pots Diversity vs. tradition Fairness vs. efficiency

5. NUMERICAL DIMENSIONS ~11 million illegal immigrants in U.S. 55-60% from Mexico 25% of Mexico’s able-bodied male workforce now in U.S. U.S.-Mexican wage ratio ~ 8:1 or 10:1

6. Mexican-Origin Population in United States, 1900-2003 Mx-born (9.9)

7. Regional Origin of Mexican Migrants

8. Geographical Concentration of Mexican Migrants

9. Remittances to Mexico, 1990-2003

10. BORDER PATROL AGENTS

11. EFFECTS 0F BORDER ENFORCEMENT 1. Shifting routes (toward Arizona) 2. Increased use of polleros (smugglers) 3. Reduced “circularity” (more permanent stays) 4. More women and families 5. Increased loss of life

12. Deaths at the Border 2001 = 528 2002 = 470 2003 = 478 2004 = 460 2005 > 500

13. MIGRATION AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS Context: joblessness everywhere New entries down (not due to border enforcement, since 95% of migrants without papers get through) Return migration stable (despite concern in Mexico about major increase) Within USA, unemployment among Latino men > Anglo men

14. THE RANGE OF POLICY CHOICE: LEGAL MIGRATION Revise legal quotas Revise criteria for entry THE RANGE OF POLICY CHOICE: ILLEGAL MIGRATION Strategies for restriction: Building fences Blocking corridors (e.g., Operation Gatekeeper) Withdrawing incentives and benefits (e.g., Prop 187) Punishing employers

15. Strategies for opening: Augmenting quotas Guest-worker programs Eliminating barriers Strategies for reduction: Targeting economic development Circulating information Additional steps?

16. Initiatives on Migration: Phase 1: The Whole Enchilada (January-September 11, 2001) Phase 2: Focus on Security Phase 3: The Second Bush Term Temporary amnesty for those here and employed Guest-worker program Eventual path to citizenship Phase 4: Barack Obama?

17. What Would You Do?