1. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD Pupil Talk and Questioning in Design and Technology (Primary and Secondary) Friday 23rd April 2004 Seminar Session Jonathan Gershon

2. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD l To raise awareness of the range of materials available across Key Stages To consider how literacy skill can help pupils make progress in design and technology. (Is there an Ofsted Core issue here?) To suggest practical strategies for advisers and consultants to follow up. Aims of the session This seminar is not about literacy across the curriculum as such, but is concerned with giving pupils opportunities to explore and access the language and vocabulary needed to succeed in Design and Technology.

3. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD l Successful learning in design and technology is extended and enriched by interactive language activities. l In design and technology, as in all subjects, pupils’ subject and generic literacy skills need to be planned for, demonstrated and taught. Principles

4. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD l Aspect One - Word Level l Aspect Two - Speaking and Listening l Aspect Three - Writing l Aspect Four - Reading l Aspect Five - Planning Literacy in design and technology: Introduction Aspects to consider

5. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD Key Stage 1&2 Materials Literacy across the curriculum planning materials –Extended Writing across the Curriculum Survey Recount – how they solved the problem Instructions – preparing for food preparation Explanations – how a mechanism works Persuasive writing Non-chronological report –DfES / CfBT Planning CD Rom: Julie Steer

6. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD Speaking and Listening Sample Video Clip of group activities Question: –If primary schools are beginning to make use of these processes to access language and share knowledge, understanding and ideas –Can we afford not to?

7. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD KS3 Strategy Design and Technology: Sample from Thinking Together

8. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD Objectives To consider talk as a tool for thinking and learning To consider how pupils can be helped to talk and reason together most effectively within design and technology To promote well-informed choices about size and composition of groups, to enhance effective talk within design and technology To suggest different ways of organising talk within groups

9. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD What kind of talk do you want? When you ask pupils to work and talk together, what sort of talk do you wish to take place? If you had to compile a list of up to five rules that pupils should follow in order to talk together effectively, what would they be?

10. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD Exploratory talk In exploratory talk: pupils and teachers engage critically but constructively with each others’ ideas contributions build on previous comments relevant information is offered for joint consideration there is speculation pupils give reasons for their views and seek them from others reasoning is evident. It is an effective way of using language to think. The process of education should ensure that every child is aware of its value and be able to use it effectively … However, observational research evidence suggests that very little of it naturally occurs in classrooms when children work together in groups. Mercer, N. (2000)

11. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD Possible reasons for the lack of exploratory talk Pupils do not realise that this is the way that teachers expect them to talk in groups. Pupils are not very aware of how they talk, and do not understand the value of this way of talking when designing and making. Pupils may not know how to organise a discussion to ensure that everyone makes a useful contribution. Pupils are not often involved in productive group activities within design and technology where exploratory talk results in an effective outcome.

12. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD Ground rules for talk Everyone should: be actively encouraged to contribute offer opinions and ideas provide reasons for their opinions and ideas share all relevant information feel free to disagree if they have a good reason ask other people for information and reasons treat other people’s ideas with respect try to come to an agreement and … change their minds if they are persuaded by good reasoning.

13. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD l Key Stage 3 Literacy in Design and Technology l Session Two Speaking and listening

14. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD Speaking and Listening Aims of the session Aims of the session To consider the ways in which speaking and listening can support the development of concepts in design and technology. To identify teaching strategies to supporting that development.

15. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD Useful phrases for evaluating and analysing a product To begin with At first Firstly Initially There are several reasons why In order to I now know that One problem was A possible solution would be Speaking and Listening This shows that Perhaps I could To improve this I need The result is As a result Overall I feel

16. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD Useful phrases activity Develop similar phrases for –exploratory talk –hypothetical talk –speculative talk Consider how this is different for –collaborative problem solving e.g. generating a design proposal –drawing out similarities and differences e.g. in different products –explaining a process e.g. a design proposal Speaking and Listening

17. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD Speaking and Listening Using talk to deepen understanding in design and technology Using talk to deepen understanding in design and technology l Talk can help us to: l think through ideas l express thoughts, feelings and opinions l influence other people l articulate ideas l share knowledge l feed back and review ideas l adapt and refine ideas l reach closure, accommodation or acceptance of different ideas l negotiate solutions l And much more

18. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD Strategies for making group discussions purposeful and promoting a range of speaking and listening skills Pair talk Listening triads Envoys Snowball Rainbow groups Jigsaw Speaking and Listening

19. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD Speaking and Listening l Design and technology lessons offer a productive context for developing speaking and listening skills, but it is not enough just to offer opportunities – these skills need to be taught explicitly and systematically as a planned element of the scheme of work. Speaking and listening in design and technology contribute to pupils’ development as speakers and as listeners and address whole-school literacy objectives. Enabling pupils to develop and refine speaking and listening skills is crucial to their learning and progress in design and technology. Important points

20. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD Speaking and Listening and incorporating into lessons: –A way of introducing subject-specific vocabulary –A small-group activity as well as a class activity –A rapid starter activity when introducing a new form or movement –A basis for assessing pupil’s knowledge and understanding –A support for pupils’ written evaluations. Evaluating design and technology work

21. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD Speaking and Listening l A glossary of key terms and definitions at the back of workbooks or journals. (or word activities) l Word walls: general or topic-specific key terms are displayed in a visually arresting way around the walls. Quotations: examples of the best that has been thought and said about design and technology, by pupils as well as by designers and others. Display boards: recent magazine or newspaper articles about products, historical developments, technological advances, designers or exhibitions. Questions: a ‘toolkit’ of useful questions pupils can ask about their own work and that of others. Spoken frameworks: prompts and sentence starters for evaluation activity. The rich verbal environment The rich verbal environment iPAC

22. Literacy in design & technology Key Stage 1&2 / 3 Literacy across the curriculum / Key Stage 3 Strategy / iPAC Project Harrow PDD Summary / Ready for More Concerned with –strategies that support structured & purposeful talk that develop understanding and confidence –access to the Design and Technology curriculum Advisers and Consultants need to consider how to use tools that address these issues; –KS1&2 Speaking and Listening materials seen as strong in primary, –KS3 Strategy Literacy across the Curriculum, –KS3 Strategy Foundation Subject and Design and Technology Pilot materials, –iPAC and 50+ other KS3 strategies.