2.  A group of sentences about a single topic. The sentences explain the writer’s main idea about the topic.  A paragraph is often between 5 and 10 sentences.

3.  Topic Sentence : It usually comes at the beginning of a paragraph. It is the most general sentence in a paragraph that contains the main idea.  Supporting sentences : They support the main idea in the topic sentence by giving details, examples, facts,….  Concluding sentence : It comes at the end of the paragraph and summarizes the information that has been presented.

4.  There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.

5.  My brother has some bad habits. He leaves his toothpicks all over the house. Sometimes they get stuck in the carpet. Another bad habit he has is walking through the house with his muddy boots. He walks across washed floors. He will take his boots off and leave them in the middle of the floor. Turning his television up is another bad habit that my brother has. At midnight, others cannot have a good night sleep. If he wants to be a successful person in future, he should be more considerate.

6.  Enumeration:  First  Second  Firstly  Secondly  Next  Afterwards  Lastly  Finally

7.  Addition :  Also  Furthermore  Moreover  In addition  Besides  Too  As well

8.  Equation :  Equally  Likewise  Similarly  In the same way

9.  summation:  In conclusion  To sum up briefly  To summarize  Overall  Then  Therefore  Thus

10.  Reformulation :  That is  i.e.  Namely  In other words  To put it more simply

11.  Result:  So  Therefore  As a result  Consequently  Thus  Hence

12.  Concession :  However  While  Whereas  Al(though)  In spite of  Despite that  On the other hand

13.  A hurricane is a huge spinning storm that forms over a warm ocean. The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world. A hurricane can be 300 miles wide. It swirls around the eye, a calm area in the center of the storm. When hurricanes reach land, they bring high winds, heavy rain, and huge waves. Some hurricanes have caused massive flooding.  Topic sentence: …………………………………………………………………………………  Irrelevant sentence: …………………………………………………………………………………

14.  If you hear what sounds like a train roaring straight towards your home, take care! It may be a tornado. Tornados are the most violent storms on Earth. These powerful windstorms can spin at speeds of up to 300 miles per hour. Winds on the planet Saturn can blow up to 1,000 miles per hour! Tornados can destroy everything in their path, flattening homes and lifting up trees and cars.  Topic sentence: ………………………………………………………………………………………  Irrelevant sentence: ………………………………………………………………………………………

15.  Hail is a type of icy precipitation that falls from the sky during a thunderstorm. Thunderstorm frightens some people. Hail can occur even on warm days. It is formed high up in the atmosphere. Tiny frozen bits of ice collide with cold water droplets. The water freezes and makes another layer of ice. The hailstone is bounced up and down in the clouds, forming new layers of ice. Finally, when it becomes too heavy, it falls to earth.  Topic sentence: …………………………………………………………………………………  Irrelevant sentence: …………………………………………………………………………………

16. Group 1 1. They can be boiled lightly and eaten with toast. 2. There are many different ways of using eggs in cooking. 3. Boiled eggs are good for sandwiches or salads. 4. There are few foods that are as nourishing and versatile as eggs. 5. To give lightness, eggs are usually added to cakes.

17. Group 2 1. There are many different kinds of footwear. 2. Sporting footwear includes: running spikes, climbing shoes and football, ice skating and diving boots. 3. There is also footwear for differing types of weather e.g. snow shoes and sandals. 4. Fashion and culture have combined to influence footwear design, bringing us the platform sole, and the stiletto heel. 5. Footwear has been designed to cater for all tastes and circumstances.

18.  My friend, her/his name, is a very successful student.

19.  Everyone has different ways of spending his or her free time. As for me,

20.  One of the best books I have ever read is ……………