1. English Language Course Seema Naik Language Tutor seemapnaik@gmail.com

2. Content – Parts of Speech Noun Pronoun Verb Adverb Adjective Preposition Conjunction Interjection Determiner

3. Noun Noun is word used as the name of a person, place or thing. Classification of Noun:- – Proper Noun – Common Noun – Collective Noun – Abstract Noun – Countable Nouns. – Uncountable Nouns

4. Types of Nouns - I – Proper Noun: name of a particular person or place B ritain is a country N apoleon was a great king. E instein is the greatest scientist that ever lived. – Common Noun: name given to every person or thing of the same class or kind. Britain is a country Napoleon was a great king. Einstein is the greatest scientist that ever lived.

5. – Collective Noun: name of a collection of persons or things taken together and spoken as one whole. The French army was defeated at Waterloo The jury found the prisoner guilty. A herd of cattle is passing – Abstract Noun: name of the quality, action or state. Honesty is the best policy. Hatred never pays. Childhood is the best phase of life. Types of Nouns - II

6. – Countable Nouns: name of persons or things we can count. Books, pen, apple, boy, sister – Uncountable Nouns: name of persons or things we cannot count. Milk, sugar, gold, oil. Types of Nouns - III

7. Noun - Gender Masculine Gender – Boy, lion, actor Feminine Gender – Girl, lioness, actress Neutral Gender – inanimate objects - Table, chair, television, tree

8. Neutral Gender – parent – child – friend – pupil – enemy – cousin Noun - Gender

9. Nouns - Case Nominative Case – when a noun is subject of a sentence. (Who? What?) Accusative Case: – when noun is object of the case. (Whom? Or What?) – When noun comes after preposition Possessive / Genitive Case – shows ownership or possession. Dative Case – no longer used in Modern English

10. Pronouns

11. Relative Pronoun Here is the book. You lent me the book – Here is the book that you lent me. I have found the pen. I lost the pen. – I have found the book which I lost I met Joe. Joe had just returned – I met Joe who had just returned That, who(Nom.), whose(Genitive), whom(acc.)

12. Verb  Auxiliary Verbs  Modal Verbs  Main Verbs

13. Auxiliary Verbs be have do Used in formation of: Tenses Passive Negative sentences Questions

14. Conjugation – Auxiliaries (Present)

15. Conjugation – Auxiliaries (Past)

16. Modal Verbs The modal verbs are as follows: dare,need,, ought to, used to – not used often

17. Examples for Modals I can swim across the river Can you lift this bag? It may rain tomorrow. May I borrow the umbrella? We will reach tomorrow. I shall/will be 25 tomorrow. We must get up early. I could swim across the river when I was young. I thought he might be at home. She would listen to music for hours. I should go to the library.

18. English vs. German modal verbs

19. Adjective Adjectives describe the noun. They give additional information about the noun. Usually an adjective comes before noun. Questions: How? Which one? What kind of? How many? -It ’ s a great car (How is the car?) – I want the red dress (Which dress?) – The economists talked about the growing crises (what kind of crises) – I need 25 dollars (How many dollars?) – Tom is greedy (how is tom?)

20. Adverb Gives information about the verb, adjective or another adverb. Questions: Why? How? When? Where? – The car is barely running. (how ) – Yesterday it rained (when ) – He is very thirsty (how thirsty is he ) – She drives really fast (how she drives, how fast she drives )

21. Preposition A preposition always comes before a noun or pronoun. A preposition explains the relation between the noun(before which it is placed) and the other noun/verb/adjective. – There is a cow in the field – He is fond of tea – The cat jumped off the chair

22. Simple Prepositions

23. Most frequently used Preposition – compound

24. Conjunction A conjunction is a word which joins two sentences or words. It makes the sentence compact. – Joe and Harry are good bowlers (Joe is a good bowler and Harry s a good bowler) – The man is poor, but honest.(the man is poor, but the man is honest) – Either take it or leave it.

25. List of conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions

26. Correlative conjunctions

27. Subordinating conjunctions Examples:-

28. Interjection Interjection is used to express sudden feeling or emotion. – Hello! What are you doing here? – Alas! He is dead – Oh! I got such a fright. – Hush! Don't make any noise.

29. Determiner Articles: a, an, the this, that, these, those, which etc. Quantifiers: all, few, many, several, some, every, each, any, no, etc. Numbers: one, fifty, etc. Possessive determiners (possessive pronouns): my, your, his, etc.