1. Criminology Criminal profiling “Behavior reflects personality. And that is what profiling is all about.”

2. Origin Used by the investigators in the “Jack the Ripper” case to try and find the murderer. Profilers sit and look through old case files to try and find commonalities in the cases. Developed from the Behavioral Science Unit which specializes in creating criminal profiles.

3. Profiling What is it? Using evidence from a crime scene the profilers can come up with… –a physical description of the person (including height and weight) –mental health of the person –psychological variables –personality traits –behavior patterns –demographic variables such as age, race, gender or geographic location.

4. Profiling What is it? Profiling information can help to identify possible suspects. Profiling can be used to elicit a confession.

5. Profiling How does it work? Personality profiles are based on the way in which the crime is committed i.e. M.O. (“method of operation”) –M.O. includes: Identity of victims Commonality of victims Weapon(s) Degree of hostility Existence (or not) of torture or sexual assault

6. Profiling How does it work? Analyzing the aspects of the M.O. and crime scene the investigator can determine the motives of the perpetrator, which leads to a description of the perpetrator’s personality.

7. Profiling Why does it work? Though profiling depends on speculation, it is based on years of research: –From psychologists –Interviewing convicts –Learning motives and desires

8. Profiling and the Crime Scene Two members of the Behavioral Science Unit came up with the classification for organized and disorganized murders. The crime is then broken down into 4 phases: –Antecedent –Method and manner –Body disposal –Post offensive behavior.

9. The Four Phases Antecedent: What fantasy or plan, or both, did the murderer have in place before the murder? What caused the murderer to act some days and not others?

10. Example of Antecedent Ted Bundy- repeatedly fantasized of sexual control and domination. He meticulously thought and rethought his plans to entice young women and subsequently murder them as he envisioned. Bank robbers, embezzlers, street muggers, and other criminals plan and think about their crimes before they act. John Wayne Gacey, the serial killer; Ted Kaczynski, the UNABOMBER; Timothy McVeigh, the Oklahoma City bomber; all shared one thing in common, they consciously and subconsciously fantasized before they acted out their crimes.

11. The Four Phases Method and manner: What type of victim or victims did the murderer select? What was the method and manner of murder: shooting, stabbing, strangulation beating, poison or another form of murder?

12. Example of Method and Manner Ed Gein- Victims were middle-aged white women, whose skin he made into a body suit, armchair, belt, etc. He claimed most victims were stolen from graveyards. Wayne Williams- Victims were young preteen to teenaged black boys, killed by strangulation.

13. Continue Examples Method and Manner Jeffery Dahmer-he would invited men to his apartment to watch sexually-explicit videos or to pose for photos. He served them drinks with crushed sedatives in them. Once drugged, Dahmer strangled his victims. He frequently had sex with the corpses and later masturbated on them. Dahmer would then capture the entire experience with Polaroid pictures so he could remember each and every murder. Then he cut open their torsos. He was fascinated by this and sexually aroused by the heat that the freshly-killed bodies would give off. Finally, he would dismember the men, photographing each stage of the process for future viewing pleasure. He disposed of most of the bodies with various chemicals and acids that would reduce the flesh and bone so it could be poured down a drain or toilet. Some parts of the bodies he chose to keep as trophies, frequently the genitals and heads. The genitals were preserved in formaldehyde. The heads were boiled until the flesh came off.

14. The Four Phases Body disposal: Did the murder and body disposal take place all at one scene, or multiple scenes? How did the killer dispose of the body? How much of the body was found?

15. Example of Body Disposal H.H. Holmes would burn some of his victims in a furnace in his home or de-flesh the bodies and sell the skeletons to medical schools William Bonin & Vernon Butts- discarded the remains of their victims along side freeways Patrick Kearney- would dismember, clean and bag his victims

16. The Four Phases Post offense behavior: Is the murderer attempting to place himself into the investigation by reacting to media reports or contacting investigators? Some killers write letters others actually help in the search for bodies

17. Example of Post offense behavior Albert Fish- wrote letters to 2 of the victim’s families describing what he had done David Berkowitz- sent a letter to the detective who called him a “woman hater”

18. Dear Captain Joseph Borrelli, I am deeply hurt by your calling me a wemon hater. I am not. But I am a monster. I am the 'Son of Sam.' I am a little brat. When father Sam gets drunk he gets mean. He beats his family. Sometimes he ties me up to the back of the house. Other times he locks me in the garage. Sam loves to drink blood. 'Go out and kill,' commands father Sam. 'Behind our house some rest. Mostly young -- raped and slaughtered -- their blood drained -- just bones now. Papa Sam keeps me locked in the attic too. I can't get out but I look out the attic window and watch the world go by. I feel like an outsider. I am on a different wavelength then everybody else -- programmed too kill. However, to stop me you must kill me. Attention all police: Shoot me first -- shoot to kill or else keep out of my way or you will die! Papa Sam is old now. He needs some blood to preserve his youth. He has had too many heart attacks. 'Ugh, me hoot, it hurts, sonny boy.' I miss my pretty princess most of all. She's resting in our ladies house. But I'll see her soon. I am the 'Monster' -- 'Beelzebub' -- the chubby behemouth. I love to hunt. Prowling the streets looking for fair game -- tasty meat. The wemon of Queens are prettyist of all. It must be the water they drink. I live for the hunt -- my life. Blood for papa. Mr. Borrelli, sir, I don't want to kill anymore. No sur, no more but I must, 'honour thy father.' I want to make love to the world. I love people. I don't belong on earth. Return me to yahoos. To the people of Queens, I love you. And I want to wish all of you a happy Easter. May God bless you in this life and in the next.

19. Profiling and Pop Culture Profiling has been pushed into the mainstream. Profiling can be seen in movies such as “Silence of the Lambs”, “The Bone Collector”, “Kiss the Girls” and on a weekly series called “Criminal Minds”