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Roman Beginnings…
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Rome started with the Latin Tribe on the Italian Peninsula in the Tiber River Valley around 2000 B.C.
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Italian Peninsula Powers
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Etruscans
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The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C.
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Etruscans The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C. –A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latins
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Etruscans The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C. –A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latins –The king kept a Latin advisory council called the Senate
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Etruscans The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C. –A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latins –The king kept a Latin advisory council called the Senate The Senate was made up of land owners or Patricians.
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Etruscans The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C. –A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latins –The king kept a Latin advisory council called the Senate The Senate was made up of land owners or Patricians. The common people were known as Plebeians.
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Eventually…
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The Tarquin (Etruscan Family) Dynasty was overthrown.
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Eventually… The Tarquin (Etruscan Family) Dynasty was overthrown. Rome forms its own government.
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The Roman Republic
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Republic: Citizens elect representatives to run the government.
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The Republic
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Established in 509 B.C.
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The Republic Established in 509 B.C. Gives each “tribe” of Rome representation in the government.
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The Republic Established in 509 B.C. Gives each “tribe” of Rome representation in the government. Uses two different branches to run the government
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The Roman Republic
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Senate
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The Roman Republic SenateConsuls
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The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers Consuls
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The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members Consuls
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The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws Consuls
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The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms Consuls
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The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls Consuls
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The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls
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The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls Chief Executive
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The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls Chief Executive Two Positions
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The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls Chief Executive Two Positions -One year terms (to limit their power)
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The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls Chief Executive Two Positions -One year terms (to limit their power) -During war time one is chosen to act as dictator
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But…
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Only Patricians could be part of the government.
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Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights
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509 B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office
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Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights 509 B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office 494 B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes
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Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights 509 B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office 494 B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes 451 B.C. - Twelve Tables created: Ensuring the right to protection of the law for all Roman citizens
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Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights 509 B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office 494 B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes 451 B.C. - Twelve Tables created: Ensuring the right to protection of the law for all Roman citizens 287 B.C. - Plebeian Assembly evolves into the Popular Assembly with near equal status to the Senate
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Rome Expands…
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North - Took over the Etruscans
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Rome Expands… North - Took over the Etruscans South - Took over the Greeks
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Rome Expands… North - Took over the Etruscans South - Took over the Greeks By 270 B.C. Rome ruled all of central and southern Italy
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Punic Wars
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Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome
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Punic Wars Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome First War: 241 B.C. - Sicily
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Punic Wars Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome First War: 241 B.C. - Sicily –Carthage controlled part of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer
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Punic Wars Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome First War: 241 B.C. - Sicily –Carthage controlled part of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer –Fought by ships
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Punic Wars Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome First War: 241 B.C. - Sicily –Carthage controlled part of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer –Fought by ships –Rome won!
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Hannibal
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219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome
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Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps
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Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps –Losing half of his men
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Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps –Losing half of his men Rome attacks North Africa
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Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps –Losing half of his men Rome attacks North Africa –Hannibal returns to Africa to defend Carthage
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Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps –Losing half of his men Rome attacks North Africa –Hannibal returns to Africa to defend Carthage –He is defeated at Zama (50 miles from Carthage) in 202 B.C.
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Third Punic War
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199 B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally
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Third Punic War 199 B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally Rome gets annoyed with Carthage and they destroy the city of Carthage
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Third Punic War 199 B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally Rome gets annoyed with Carthage and they destroy the city of Carthage Therefore Rome controls all Carthaginian land
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Third Punic War 199 B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally Rome gets annoyed with Carthage and they destroy the city of Carthage Therefore Rome controls all Carthaginian land North Africa = Roman Province
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Rome before the wars…
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Rome after the Punic Wars…
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Roman Map
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Roman Empire
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Expanding across the Mediterranean brought many changes to Rome…
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Expansion under the Republic
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Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece
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Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor
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Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor –100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt
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Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor –100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt MEDITERRANEAN SEA
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Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor –100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt MEDITERRANEAN SEA = MARE NOSTRUM
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Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor –100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt MEDITERRANEAN SEA = MARE NOSTRUM “OUR SEA”
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End of the Republic
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Senate became too powerful and the army was doing all the work…
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Enter: Julius Caesar
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Popular General
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Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul
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Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate
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Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy)
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Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate
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Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)
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Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate (weakened it) –Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans
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Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate (weakened it) –Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans –Adjusted taxes
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Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate (weakened it) –Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans –Adjusted taxes (taxed rich more than the poor)
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Julius Caesar Became a dictator
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Julius Caesar Became a dictator All powerful
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Julius Caesar Became a dictator All powerful According to the Senate…
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Julius Caesar Became a dictator All powerful According to the Senate… –He was too powerful!
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Julius Caesar Became a dictator All powerful According to the Senate… –He was too powerful! Senate assassinates/murders Julius Caesar
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Octavian & Mark Antony
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Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators
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Octavian & Mark Antony Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West
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Octavian & Mark Antony Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West Octavian = Western Empire and Rome
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Octavian & Mark Antony Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West Octavian = Western Empire and Rome Mark Antony = Eastern Empire and Egypt
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Mark Antony & Cleopatra
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Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne
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Mark Antony & Cleopatra Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian
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Mark Antony & Cleopatra Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula)
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Mark Antony & Cleopatra Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula) Octavian wins
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Mark Antony & Cleopatra Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula) Octavian wins Cleopatra and Mark Antony commit suicide
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Augustus Caesar
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Octavian is named emperor by the Senate
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Augustus Caesar Octavian is named emperor by the Senate –Augustus “the majestic”
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Augustus Caesar Octavian is named emperor by the Senate –Augustus “the majestic” The Roman Empire is born!
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Pax Romana (Roman Peace)
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Augustus
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Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
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Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within…
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Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within… –Adjusted taxes
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Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within… –Adjusted taxes –Public works
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Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within… –Adjusted taxes –Public works Lack of corruption
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Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within… –Adjusted taxes –Public works Lack of corruption Encouraged large Roman families
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Roman Trade
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Decline of the Roman Empire 180 A.D. End of Marcus Aurelius’ reign A series of leader came after - did not lead well, were brutal Hostile tribes outside of Rome begin to threaten trade routes Raising of taxes Inflation from overproduction of less valued coinage Decreasing Population -harvests declined (less fertile land) -slave labor = no new technology -disease and starvation Barbarians invading Rome hire mercenaries to fight = lack of loyalty Political office no longer an honor = costs to lead
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Causes of the Decline of Rome
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Rome’s economy declines.
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Causes of the Decline of Rome Rome’s economy declines. Rome faces military upheaval.
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Causes of the Decline of Rome Rome’s economy declines. Rome faces military upheaval. Roman politics decay.
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Causes of the Decline of Rome Rome’s economy declines. Rome faces military upheaval. Roman politics decay. Bigger gap between the rich and poor.
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Causes of the Decline of Rome Rome’s economy declines. Rome faces military upheaval. Roman politics decay. Bigger gap between the rich and poor. Rome splits into East and West
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
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Economic
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire –Political office seen as a burden, not an honor
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire –Political office seen as a burden, not an honor Social
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire –Political office seen as a burden, not an honor Social –Lack of confidence in the empire
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire –Political office seen as a burden, not an honor Social –Lack of confidence in the empire –Decline in interest of political affairs
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