1. Bylbiau’r Gwanwyn i Ysgolion Canlyniadau’r archwiliad 2006-2016

2. Yr archwiliad… Ers mis Hydref 2005, mae gwyddonwyr ysgol o bob cwr o Gymru wedi bod yn cofnodi’r tywydd ac yn nodi pryd mae’r planhigion yn blodeuo fel rhan o astudiaeth hirdymor sy’n edrych ar effeithiau tymheredd ar fylbiau’r gwanwyn.

3. Rydyn ni’n parhau i weithio mewn partneriaeth ag Ymddiriedolaeth Edina sy’n darparu nawdd a chefnogaeth i’r project ac wedi ymestyn ei gyrhaeddiad i ysgolion yn Lloegr a’r Alban. Cymerodd 177 ysgol ran eleni!

4. Plannodd yr ysgolion oedd yn cymryd rhan eu bylbiau Cennin Pedr a’u Crocysau ar 20 Hydref, gan gadw cofnodion tywydd rhwng Tachwedd a Mawrth. Dyma nhw’n mewnbynnu eu cofnodion tywydd wythnosol, dyddiad blodeuo a thaldra’r planhigion ar wefan Amgueddfa Cymru. Mae’r tabl isod yn dangos y glawiad a’r tymheredd a gofnodwyd gan Ysgol Gynradd Llanharan yn ystod project eleni.

5. Yr astudiaeth hirdymor… Mae ein hinsawdd a’r tymhorau’n newid. Dros y 10-20 mlynedd nesaf (a thu hwnt) rydym am i’n gwyddonwyr ysgol ddangos sut mae newid hinsawdd yn effeithio ar amseroedd blodeuo bylbiau’r gwanwyn. Mae digon i’r ysgolion ei astudio yn y tymor byr. Anelwyd y project at ddisgyblion CA2 ac mae’n meithrin sgiliau Rhifedd, Llythrennedd a Digidol. Mae’r project yn ategu elfennau Gwyddoniaeth, Daearyddiaeth, Mathemateg, Celf a TGCh y Cwricwlwm Cenedlaethol. Mae adnoddau addysgiadol ar gael ar wefan y project: http://www.amgueddfacymru.ac.uk/bylbiau -gwanwyn/ http://www.amgueddfacymru.ac.uk/bylbiau -gwanwyn/

6. Diolch yn fawr! Mae Athro’r Ardd yn diolch yn fawr i’r holl wyddonwyr ysgol a anfonodd eu cofnodion atom ni eleni! Rydych chi i gyd yn Wyddonwyr Gwych!

7. Ysgolion fydd yn derbyn tystysgrifau:  Colinsburgh Primary School  Bryn Celyn Primary  Coleg Meirion-Dwyfor  Condorrat Primary School  Corsehill Primary School & Nursery Class  Craigbank Primary School  Holytown Primary School  Howwood Primary School  Inchinnan Primary School  Ladywell Primary School  NPTC Group Newtown Campus  Our Lady & St. Francis Primary School  Pontrhondda Primary School  Rashielea Primary School  Ysgol Rhos Helyg  Rigside Nursery  Rogerstone Primary School  Saint Anthony's Primary School  St. Aidan's Primary School  St. Bridget's Primary School  St. Brigid's Primary School  St. Mark's Primary School  St. Mary's Primary School  St. Paul's Primary School  St. Brigid's Primary School  Swiss Valley C.P. School  Tongwynlais Primary School  Whitelees Primary School  Ysgol Coed y Gof  Ysgol Ffridd y Llyn  Ysgol Iau Hen Golwyn  Ysgol Mair  Ysgol Pencae Bydd pob un yn derbyn tystysgrifau a phensiliau Gwyddonwyr Gwych.

8. Cydnabyddiaeth arbennig: Bydd pob un yn derbyn tystysgrifau, pensiliau a hadau.  Arkleston Primary School  Beckford Primary School  Brisbane Primary School  Carnbroe Primary School  Castlepark Learning Centre  Dasfen Primary School  Glencairn Primary School  Hakin Community Primary  Kirkfieldbank Primary School  Lamlash Primary School  Mossend Primary School  Orchard Meadow Primary  Penygawsi Primary School  Shakespeare Primary School  St Athan Primary School  St David's RC Primary School  St Michael's RC Primary  St. Aidan's Primary School  St. Bernadette's Primary School  St. Columbkille's Primary School  St. Michael's CE Aided Primary  St. Oswalds V A School  Wellpark Children's Centre  Willow Lane Catholic Primary  Woodlands Nursery Centre  Ysgol Esgob Morgan  Ysgol Hiraddug

9. Cymeradwyaeth uchel: Yn derbyn tystysgrifau, pensiliau, hadau blodau’r haul a hadau dirgel.  Alexander Peden Primary School  Allensbank Primary School  Arkholme C of E Primary School  Asmall Primary School  Bacup Thorn Primary School  Barsail Primary School  Bent Primary School  Betws Primary  Bickerstaffe CE Primary School  Blackwood Primary School  Braidwood Primary School  Breckon Hill Primary School  Broad Haven Primary School  Burnside Primary School  Calderwood Primary School  Castlepark Primary School  Chapelton Primary School  Coedpenmaen Primary School  Coppull Parish CE Primary School  Darran Park primary  Drumpark Primary ASN School  Dykesmains Primary School  East Fulton Primary School  Glebe Primary School  Glengowan Primary School  Grange Primary School  Coedpenmaen Primary School  Hay on Wye Primary School  Henllys Church in Wales Primary  High Mill Primary School  Hudson Road Primary School  John Cross CE Primary School  Kelly Street Children's Centre  Lanark Primary School  Law Primary School  Llangors Primary School  Llanharan Primary School  Loch Primary School  Lynnfield Primary School  Maesycoed Primary School  Mellor Saint Mary CE Primary School  Milton of Balgonie Primary School  Murray Primary School  Nantymoel Primary  Netherburn Primary School  Newmains Primary School  Newport Primary School  Our Lady of Peace Primary School  Pirnmill Primary School  Rougemont Junior School  Silverdale St. John's CE Primary  St. Charles Primary School  St. Cuthberts RC Primary School  St. Joseph's Primary School  St. Paul's CIW Primary School  St. Peter's Catholic Primary School  St. Robert's Catholic Primary  Staining C of E Voluntary Controlled  Stanford-in-the-Vale Primary School  Stonehouse Primary School  Trellech Primary  Underbank Primary School  Ward Jackson Church of England  Wormit Primary School  Ysbyty Ifan  Ysgol Bro Tawe  Ysgol Deganwy  Ysgol Gynradd Gymraeg Llantrisant  Ysgol Gynradd Llandwrog  Ysgol Rhys Prichard  Ysgol San Sior

10. Yn ail a trydydd lle:  Ysgol Nant y Coed – Cymru  Severn Primary – Cymru  Abbey Primary School – Alban  St. John the Baptist Primary School – Alban  St. Nicholas' Primary School – Lloegr  The Blessed Sacrament Catholic Primary School - Lloegr Yn derbyn tystysgrifau, pensiliau a thocyn rhodd i’w wario ar brojectau awyr agored.

11. Winners 2016 Enillwyr 2016 Ysgol Pentrefoelas – Cymru Biggar Primary – Alban Carnforth North Road Primary - Lloegr Bydd pob un yn derbyn tystysgrifau, pensiliau a thaith dosbarth o weithgareddau llawn hwyl!

12. Summary 2005-2015 Mae’r crynodeb canlynol yn edrych ar batrymau allweddol a thueddiadau a amlygir gan y data a gofnodwyd gan ysgolion dros 10 mlynedd. Mae cofnodion tywydd yn cael eu cadw rhwng Tachwedd a Mawrth bob blwyddyn, sy’n golygu bod cofnodion pob blwyddyn yn cynnwys data o fis Tachwedd a Rhagfyr y flwyddyn flaenorol. Er enghraifft, pan fydd yr adroddiad yn sôn am ganlyniadau 2006, mae’n cyfeirio at ddata a gofnodwyd rhwng Tachwedd 2005 a Mawrth 2006. Gallwch chi lawrlwytho’r canlyniadau i’w hastudio o www.amgueddfacymru.ac.uk/cy/scan/bylbiau/ www.amgueddfacymru.ac.uk/cy/scan/bylbiau/

13. UK & Welsh data Mae ysgolion Cymru wedi bod yn casglu data ers 2005. Mae ysgolion Lloegr a’r Alban wedi bod yn casglu data ers 2011. Rydym wedi crynhoi’r canlyniadau mewn dau adroddiad. Mae’r cyntaf yn edrych ar y data a gasglwyd ledled y DU rhwng 2012 a 2016 ac yn cymharu canlyniadau o Gymru, Lloegr a’r Alban. Mae’r ail yn edrych ar y data a gasglwyd yng Nghymru rhwng 2006 a 2016.

14. Crynodeb Canlyniadau DU

15. Pa wlad oedd y cynhesaf / oeraf? Gallwn weld taw yn Lloegr oedd y tymheredd cyfartalog uchaf o 9 ̊C rhwng Tachwedd a Mawrth. Yn ail oedd Cymru gyda thymheredd cyfartalog o 7 ̊C gyda’r Alban yn oerach gyda chyfartaledd o 4 ̊C.

16. Pa wlad oedd â'r oriau o haul mwyaf / lleiaf? Roedd Lloegr yn cael mwy o oriau o haul rhwng Tachwedd a Mawrth, gyda chyfartaledd o 68 awr. Cymru oedd nesaf gyda chyfartaledd o 59 awr, ac yna’r Alban gyda chyfartaledd o 52 awr.

17. Ym mha wlad oedd y glaw mwyaf / lleiaf? Gallwn weld o’r graff hwn taw Cymru oedd y wlad wlypaf rhwng Tachwedd a Mawrth, gyda glawiad cyfartalog o 233mm. Yr Alban oedd yr ail wlypaf gyda glawiad cyfartalog o 223mm a Lloegr oedd y sychaf gyda glawiad cyfartalog o 108mm.

18. Rydyn ni wedi edrych yn ofalus ar gofnodion tymheredd, haul a glawiad cyfartalog eleni a chymharu’r canlyniadau o Gymru, Lloegr a’r Alban. Gallwn ni weld sut mae nhw’n cymharu â chanlyniadau’r gorffennol! Yw’r tywydd eleni wedi bod yn gynhesach neu’n oerach? Gawson ni fwy neu lai o haul? Oedd hi’n fwy gwlyb neu’n fwy sych? Dyma’r atebion…

19. Mae’r siart llinell hon yn dangos y tymheredd cyfartalog misol rhwng Tachwedd a Mawrth am y blynyddoedd o 2012 i 2016. Gallwn ni weld o’r siart bod y tymheredd cyfartalog uchaf rhwng Tachwedd a Ionawr yn 2016 yn uwch nag unrhyw flwyddyn arall yn y DU ers dechrau cadw cofnodion! Rhwng Ionawr a Mawrth mae'r canlyniadau yn fwy cydnaws â rhai'r blynyddoedd blaenorol.

20. Mae’r siart bar yn dangos tymheredd cyfartalog rhwng Tachwedd a Mawrth am y blynyddoedd o 2012 i 2016. Gallwn ni weld o’r siart taw 2016 oedd yr ail flwyddyn gynhesaf yn y DU ers dechrau cadw cofnodion, a dim ond yn 2012 oedd y cyfartaledd yn uwch.

21. This line chart shows average hours of sunlight for the period November-March in the years 2012-2016. We can see from this chart that 2016 had the lowest hours of sunlight for the period between November and January than any other year since UK wide records began!

22. We can also see a sharp increase in sunlight hours between January and February, this is because as well as having the lowest November-January on record, 2016 has the highest February readings on record!

23. The bar chart shows average annual hours of sunlight for the period November-March for the years 2012-2016. We can see from the chart that 2016 had the lowest average hours of sunlight since UK wide records began!

24. This line chart shows the average rainfall for the period November-March in the years 2012-2016. We can see from this chart that 2016 had the highest rainfall for the period November-January than any other year since UK wide records began! 2016 also had the second highest rainfall for the period January-March, with only 2014 showing a higher reading for this period.

25. The bar chart shows average rainfall for the period November-March for the years 2012 to 2016. We can see that 2016 was by far the wettest year of the project, with an average rainfall of 158mm. 2014 was the only year to come close with an average rainfall of 141mm. 2016

26. Flowers will open earliest in areas where it is both warm and sunny. Especially during the month of February. We would expect flowers to open earlier in England and Wales than Scotland, as these countries were warmer and had more hours of sunlight. But what effect did the rain have on our flowering dates?

27. Our results show that flowers opened earlier in Wales this year Plants may have flowered later in Scotland because it had the coldest temperatures and the least sunlight hours. Plants may have flowered earlier in Wales because it had good temperature and sunlight hours and high rainfall. Interestingly, although England was the warmest and sunniest country it had the least amount of rain. This may be why the flowers were later here than in Wales.

28. Our records show that spring 2016 had the second highest overall temperatures, the highest average rainfall and the least hours of sunshine since UK wide records began in 2011 2013 was the only year to have later flowering dates than 2016. 2013 had the lowest temperatures and the second lowest hours of sunlight. Results table for the UK 2011-2016

29. Download the results yourself to… Visit: www.museumwales.ac.uk/scan/bulbswww.museumwales.ac.uk/scan/bulbs  Make graphs & frequency charts or calculate the mean.  See if the flowers opened late in schools that recorded cold weather.  See how temperature, sunshine and rainfall affect the average flowering dates.  Look for trends between different locations.

30. Welsh Results Summary

31. Welsh results table 2005-2015 From this we can see that the average flowering dates for 2016 were slightly later than the overall average for the project. We can also see that 2016 had by far the highest average temperatures, the highest rainfall and the lowest sunlight hours than any other year.

32. This line chart shows average temperatures for the period November-March in the years 2006-2016. We can see from the chart that 2016 had by far the highest temperatures for the period between November and December since the project began!

33. The bar chart shows average temperatures for the period November-March for the years 2006 to 2016. We can see from this chart that 2016 had the highest average temperature for this period since the beginning of the project at 6.7 ºC. 2012 is close on its heels with an average temperature of 6.5 ºC and 2007 was the third warmest year with an average of 6.3 ºC. 2016

34. This line chart shows average hours of sunlight for the period November-March in the years 2006-2016. We can see from this chart that 2016 had the least hours of sunlight for the period between November and January since the project began!

35. The bar chart shows average hours of sunlight for the period November-March for the years 2006 to 2016. We can see from the chart that 2016 had the lowest average hours of sunlight since the project began. 2016 saw an average of 59 hours of sunlight, it is the only year in which the average hours of sunlight fell below 60 hours. 2013 and 2014 were the only years in which the average hours of sunlight fell below 70 hours.

36. This line chart shows the average monthly rainfall for the period November to March in the years 2006 to 2016. We can see from this chart that 2016 had the highest rainfall for the period November-January since the project began! It had the second highest rainfall for the period January-March, with only 2014 showing a higher reading for this period.

37. The bar chart shows average rainfall for the period November-March for the years 2006 to 2016. We can see that 2016 was by far the wettest year of the project, with an average rainfall of 233mm. This is the only year to record an average above 200mm, with 2014 being the only year to come close with an average rainfall of 187mm.

38. We can see from this bar chart that although the weather this year was quite extreme, the average flowering date for 2016 does not stand out from those of previous years. This means that 2016 is close to the overall average flowering date for the project. That said, 2016 was still the fifth latest year for spring flowers.

39. How does the weather effect flowering times in the daffodil?

40. On average daffodils flowered later than last year. The bar chart shows that 2016 was the fourth latest year for daffodil flowers. However, there is not much difference between 2016 and most of the other years. This consistency shows that 2016 is close to the overall average flowering date of 11 th March.

41. Here we have a chart showing the effects of temperature on flowering dates for the daffodil. The height of the blue lines illustrates the temperature and where they are on the graph relates to the average flowering date for that year. The black line running across the graph shows the trend, this indicates the pattern we would expect to see from our results. The trend shows: As temperatures get lower daffodils flower later – but there are some exceptions. Can you spot them?

42. Q: What years don’t fit the trend? A: 2007, 2012, 2016 & 2014 Possible explanation: Although the temperature was at its highest in 2007, 2012, 2016 & 2014, the flowers did not open early. This is probably because the hours of sunshine remained low until March in those years.

43. The trend shows: As the hours of sunshine decrease daffodils open later – but there are some exceptions. Can you spot them?

44. Q: What years don’t fit the trend? A: 2007, 2009, 2011, 2006 & 2010 The average daffodil flowering date was the same in 2011 and 2014, even though 2011 was sunnier. This may be because the temperatures were very low in 2011 and quite high in 2014. 2006 and 2010 had high levels of sunshine but daffodils flowered later. This is probably because temperatures stayed low until March in both these years.

45. The average daffodil flowering date was the same in 2011 and 2014, even though 2011 was sunnier. This may be because the temperatures were very low in 2011 and quite high in 2014. 2016 also stands out on this graph as we would expect the flowers to have developed later considering how low the hours of sunshine were compared to previous years. However, 2016 had the highest average spring temperatures compared to previous years. If the temperature had also been low, then the flowers would have developed even later.

46. How does the weather effect flowering times in the crocus?

47. We can see from this bar chart that although the weather this year was quite extreme, the average flowering dates for the Crocus were close to the overall norm. Lets take a closer look at how temperature and sunlight hours may have effected this…

48. The trend shows: Generally, as temperature gets lower, crocus flowers open later – but there are some exceptions. Can you spot them? What might be the cause?

49. Q. What years don’t fit the trend? A. 2016, 2012 & 2014 Possible explanation: Although the average spring temperatures in 2016, 2012 & 2014 were high, the flowers opened later than expected. For 2012 this is likely because temperatures were relatively low until March. For 2016 and 2014 it is likely because sunlight hours were low for December and January and sharply increased in February and March.

50. The trend shows: Generally, when there is less sunshine the crocus flowers open later – but there are some exceptions. Can you spot them?

51. Q. What years don’t fit the trend? A. 2011, 1010 & 2009 Possible explanation: There was lots of sunshine in these years, but the temperatures were very low in 2011 and 2010. Although 2009 had high temperatures and hours of sunshine overall, it also had the lowest hours of sunlight recorded for February. These results show that although averages help to spot trends and analyse data, they can oversimplify the results. Sometimes we need to fill in the gaps by looking at the more complex tables.

52. Other years that stand out are 2008 and 2007, which both flowered on the 16 th of February even though 2008 had slightly more hours of sunshine. If you look back at the graph showing temperature, you will see that 2007 had slightly higher overall temperatures than 2008. 2012 and 2016 also have the same flowering date, even though the hours of sunshine were a lot lower in 2016. But, if you look at the graph showing temperature you will see that 2016 was slightly warmer overall than 2012.

53. Finding a trend is quite difficult but some things are clear…  Bulbs rely on both sunshine and warmth to flower.  The seasons are becoming more unpredictable as the planet warms.

54. Download the results yourself to… Visit: www.museumwales.ac.uk/scan/bulbswww.museumwales.ac.uk/scan/bulbs  Make graphs & frequency charts or calculate the mean.  See if the flowers opened late in schools that recorded cold weather  See how temperature, sunshine and rainfall affect the average flowering dates.  Look for trends between different locations.