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Chapter 15 Physical Geography of Russia
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Section 1 Land Forms and Resources
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Russia and the Republics occupy a large territory Is 3 times the size of the United States
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Region sprawls across two continents Europe Asia
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Region sprawls across two continents Cross 11 time zone throughout Europe and Asia
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CHERNOZEM Black top soil – one of the world’s most fertile region See page 345
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What % of the regions 290 million people live on this plain 75 % Or 217 million people live on the plains
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Three largest cities on the plains Moscow, Russia St. Petersburg, Russia Kiev, Ukraine
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Ural Mountains Separate the Northern European and West Siberian plains Divides Europe and Asia
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Eurasia Combined continents of Europe and Asia
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Caucasus Mountains Stretch across the land that separates the Black and Caspian Sea
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Transcaucasia Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, located – between Caucasus Mts. and borders of Turkey and Iran
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Central Asia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan
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SIBERIA Region in central and eastern Russia, from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Known for mineral resources Russian government used this region as a political exile site
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Section 2 Climate and Vegetation
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CONTINENTALITY Russia and the Republics enormous size has a major effect on its climate Russia's climate increases as one travels east, with average temperature differences between the warmest (July) and coldest (January)...
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TAIGA Largest forest in the world Continuous belt of evergreen forests across the Northern Hemisphere North America and Eurasia
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PROBLEM OF RUNOFF Rainfall not absorbed by soil, which can carry pesticides and fertilizers from fields to rivers which can endanger the food chain
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TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILROAD Railroad that links Moscow (on the west) to the port of Vladivostok (on the east) Runs 6,000 miles across bitter cold, undeveloped region
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REASONS RAILROAD IS BUILT Speed up travel Populate the region Develop resources
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TIME ZONES 24 time zones in the world 360 degrees 15 degrees in each time zone
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INTERNATIONAL DATELINE Marks where a new calendar day begins
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Chapter 16 A Diverse Heritage
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Section 1 Russia and the Western Republics
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BALTIC REPUBLIC Countries of Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia Located on the east coast of the Baltic Sea
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CZAR Emperor of Russia prior to the Russia Revolution in 1917
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RUSSIAN REVOLUTION Revolt in 1917 – Communist government of Lenin took control of the government from the Czar.
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Lenin
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USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republic Formed in 1922 by the Communist government Dissolved in 1991
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COLD WAR Conflict between the USSR and the US after World War II Called a cold war because it never escalated into an open warfare
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COMMAND ECONOMY Plan under the Communist government in the USSR Government controlled the production of goods and services (complete opposite of the US)
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Market Economy A market economy is economy based on the division of labor in which the prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system set by supply and demand. [1]division of laborgoods services free price systemsupply and demand [1]
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COLLECTIVE FARM Used by the USSR under Stalin A large labor force that worked together on enormous farms in the USSR
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How did the Russian Empire develop? In 800’s – Vikings settled in the region between the Baltic and Black seas and mixed with the local people (Slavs) Russia expanded to the Pacific by 1700’s
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CZAR PETER THE GREAT 1682-1725 Modernized Russia Established more control with the west
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ECONOMIC GOAL OF COMMUNISM Have the citizens own property together and everyone shares the wealth
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SOVIET LEADERS INSTITUTE A COMMAND ECONOMY Government takes control over property, businesses, and industry Government makes all economic decisions Government move people into collective farms
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RESULTS OF THESES ACTIONS BY THE SOVIET GOV’T Industry and agriculture production increased However, millions starved or were killed
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RED ARMY USSR military
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SUPRA Georgian (Russian) term for dinner party Many foods, toasts, and short speeches
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SILK ROAD 4000 mile route – between China and Mediterranean Sea Named for the expensive silk that travel from China to the west Road spread ideas, technology, and religion
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NOMAD A person with no permanent home Moves from place to place In search of food, water, and grazing land
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YURT Tent that was used by central Asia’s nomads
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Chapter 17 Russia and the Republics
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CHECHNYA A republic that remains apart of Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union despite independence movements and violence
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WAR BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHECHNYA Chechens (people from Chechnya) want independence
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WAR BETWEEN RUSSIA AND GEORGIA Georgia wanted their independence (after 1991) Resulted in thousands of deaths and refugee problems
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PRIVATIZATION Going from a Command Economy to a Market Economy Selling of government owned businesses to private citizens Took place after 1991
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RUSSIANS LIVING IN POVERTY After 1991 – 40% of the people lived below the poverty line
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DIFFICULTIES WITH RUSSIA’S SIZE So big and distant from Moscow Some regional leaders have chosen to ignore government reform.
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CONTROL OVER REGIONAL LEADERS Government created federal districts with governors Governors answered to Moscow
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ORGANIZED CRIME Growth of organized crime Illegal activities are more lucrative that honest business Illegal activities reduced the governments tax revenues
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