1. 6/12 Focus: Do Now: – Complete the Regents Review Warm up Questions ***Castle Learning Regents Review 8 due Friday***

2. Absolute Monarchs Power is in the hands of ONE person (centralized) Determined gov’t policies without the consent of their people Ruled using the Divine Right Theory (god said they can rule)

3. Peter the Great Louis XIV Phillip II Charles I Catherine the Great Russia France Spain England Russia

4. Magna Carta Petition of Right Habeas Corpus Act English Bill of Rights Limits placed on Absolute Monarchs in England

5. Influences on Early Russia Byzantine Mongols Cyrillic Alphabet Eastern Orthodox Christianity Architecture & Art Autocratic Government Close Relationship between church and state Isolated Russia from W. Europe Model for absolute rule of the czars Cut off Russia from Renaissance and technological advances Decline of Kiev and rise of Moscow

6. 1.T he theory justifying a monarch’s rule by God’s authority is called A.laissez faire B.predestination C.totalitarianism D.divine right

7. 2.M any European monarchs of the 1600s maintained that they should have absolute power to rule because they: A.needed to defend their nations against threats from the Western Hemisphere B.thought that all people should have the right to a good ruler C.had been given their power to govern from God D.thought that communism was the superior political system

8. 3.T he primary goal of most of Europe’s absolute monarchs was to A.support political freedom for the new middle classes B.centralize their political control over their nations C.prevent contact with areas beyond Europe’s borders D.maintain peaceful relations with nearby nations

9. 4.W hich quotation was most likely made by an absolute monarch? A.“The government that governs best, governs least.” B.“I am the state.” C.“The government must be based on a sound constitution.” D.“It is the parliament that must make the laws.”

10. 5.W hich person is credited with saying “L’état, c’est moi” (I am the state)? A.Louis XIV B.Karl Marx C.John Locke D.Queen Isabella

11. I. __________________ A. Louis XIV B. Phillip II C. Henry VIII 6.In the partial outline below, which heading belongs after Roman numeral I? A.Divine Right Monarchs B.Religious Reformers C.Supporters of Democracy D.Leaders of the Crusades

12. 7. The primary purpose of the Magna Carta was to: A.Limit the power of the king B.Install Oliver Cromwell as dictator C.Justify the Glorious Revolution D.Charter the East India Company

13. 8. What happened in Russia as a result of actions taken by Peter the Great? A.Russia was weakened by French invasions B.Catholicism became the state religion C.The Duma was reformed and the serfs were freed. D.Russia borrowed Western ideas and expanded its territories

14. 9. These events in English history were similar in that they all: A.promoted religious freedom B.limited the power of the monarch C. provided universal suffrage D.supported divine right theory Magna Carta signed by King John Habeas Corpus Act passed during the rule of Charles II Bill of Rights agreed to by William and Mary

15. 10. The foreign policy of many Russian rulers supported the country’s desire for: A.Access to inland cities B.More mineral resources C.Extensive canal systems D.Warm-water ports

16. Known as “carriers of civilizations”; traded goods and spread ideas throughout the Mediterranean; inventors of the modern alphabet

17. Conquered large empire from Greece to Eastern border of India Conquest led to the creation of Hellenistic Culture Blended Greek, Persian, Indian, and Egyptian culture

18. conquests secured trade and travel along the Silk Road Goods and technologies spread from Asia to Europe during the Pax Mongolia Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta documented travels to Asia

19. Served as a cultural bridge between China and Japan

20. One of the largest migrations in human history Waves of West African farmers moved east and south through Africa Spread West African farming techniques and language

21. Spread Cyrillic alphabet, Eastern Orthodox Christianity, art, and architecture to Russia

22. Cultural diffusion between the Middle East and Europe grew as a result of large armies traveling to and from the Middle East Knowledge and technologies of the Islamic civilization reached Europe

23. Economic Systems answer 3 basic questions: – What goods and services are to be produced and in what quantities? – How will goods and services be produced? – For whom shall the goods be produced?

24. An economic system in which decisions are made based on customs, beliefs, and habits – Barter – Based on subsistence farming – People often have the same occupation as their parents

25. economic system that developed under feudalism in Europe Economic activities were based around a lord’s manor Manor had to be self-sufficient 3 field System

26. Economic system that developed in 1600’s in Europe countries established colonies that existed for the benefit of the mother country – Countries wanted a favorable balance of trade – Export more goods than you import – Colonies ship raw materials to mother country – Mother country sells finished goods to colonies

27. Economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit Free Markets Competition Supply and demand Private ownership

28. Economic system in which the means of production are controlled by the gov’t Socialism/Communism

29. Throughout human history various events have changed the way people have lived. – Political revolutions – Social and religious changes – New technologies – Exploration of new places – New Ideas/Challenges to Authority

30. Before Paleolithic Era Hunter/gathers Humans lived in small groups Impact of Change More reliable food source increased population No longer had to move from place to place Development of permanent settlements Rise of civilizations

31. Before Rome controlled much of Europe Centralized government provided law and order Impact of Change Lack of centralized power Break down of law and order led people to leave cities Population decreased Frequent invasions Decrease in knowledge and learning Led to the rise of Feudalism

32. Before Dangerous to travel and trade along the silk roads Impact of Change Mongol control of Asia and parts of Europe brings political stability and relative peace Trade routes become secure Trade and travel along silk roads increase Plague spread along trade routes Chinese technologies and goods spread to Europe

33. Before Feudalism and manorial system existed in Europe Most people made their living around agriculture Society organized around feudal manors Impact of Change Trade increased in Europe Contributed to the decline of feudalism and Manorialism Growth of towns and cities Middle class grows Trade guilds formed to promote standards on prices and quality Banking, Joint Stock Companies, Insurance Contributed to rise of capitalism

34. Before Middle Ages in Europe Decline of learning and knowledge Gothic Architecture Impact of Change Re-birth of Greek and Roman ideas Growth of art and learning Wealthy merchants in Italian city states supported the arts Revival of Roman and Greek architecture Humanism stressed the importance of the individual Machiavelli’s The Prince- “The ends justify the means” People began questioning traditional authorities

35. Before Catholic Church dominated Europe Religious unity Impact of Change challenged the power of the Church – Martin Luther’s 95 Theses – John Calvin, Henry VIII Act of Supremacy in England Establishment of new Christian religions Loss of religious unity in Europe Civil wars break out Church weakened Monarchs strengthened

36. Before Religious teachings and tradition used to explain the natural world Impact of Change People began to use reason and scientific method to understand natural laws People began questioning authority Contributed to the development of the Enlightenment

37. Before Ottoman’s captured Constantinople and controlled overland trade routes to Asia Advanced civilizations existed in the Americas Impact of change Death of large numbers of Native Americans from disease & overwork Destruction of the Aztec and Incan Empires Competition among European countries for colonies & Mercantilism Use of Africans as slave labor on plantations in the Americas Columbian Exchange

38. Before Absolute monarchs controlled European countries Impact of Change Influenced American Revolution, French Revolution, & Latin American Revolutions Democratic/Enlightenment ideas of natural rights spread across Europe – examples: Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau Limits placed on existing monarchs Nationalism increased