1. The Scientific Method / A series of logical steps, or a guideline, to follow in order to answer a question or solve a problem.

2. The Scientific Method / Make observations: The moon appears as a crescent. / Make observations: The moon appears as a crescent.

3. The Scientific Method / Ask a question- Develop a hypothesis: The moon is a sphere but only the sunlit portion is visible from Earth. / Ask a question- Develop a hypothesis: The moon is a sphere but only the sunlit portion is visible from Earth.

4. The Scientific Method / Test your hypothesis- Experiment: The moon appears full only when it is completely lit by the sun (when it is on the opposite side of the Earth as the sun.) / Test your hypothesis- Experiment: The moon appears full only when it is completely lit by the sun (when it is on the opposite side of the Earth as the sun.)

5. The Scientific Method / Draw conclusions- Propose a theory: The moon orbits the Earth so the phase that we see on a given night is only the sunlit portion that is visible to us. / Draw conclusions- Propose a theory: The moon orbits the Earth so the phase that we see on a given night is only the sunlit portion that is visible to us.

6. The Scientific Method / Scientific theory- An explanation of a natural event that has been tested by repeated observations. An attempt to explain why the event occurs. / Scientific law- A summary of a natural event. Describes the event without attempting to explain it. / Scientific theory- An explanation of a natural event that has been tested by repeated observations. An attempt to explain why the event occurs. / Scientific law- A summary of a natural event. Describes the event without attempting to explain it.

7. Measurement in Science / Scientific notation- A value written as a simple number multiplied by a power of 10. Scientific notation is used to express a value that is either very large or very small. / Scientific notation- A value written as a simple number multiplied by a power of 10. Scientific notation is used to express a value that is either very large or very small.

8. Scientific Notation / To convert a number to scientific notation: 1. Place a decimal point after the first whole digit. 50,000. = 5.0000 2. Count the number of places that the decimal point moved. 50,000. to 5.0000 = 4 decimal places. / To convert a number to scientific notation: 1. Place a decimal point after the first whole digit. 50,000. = 5.0000 2. Count the number of places that the decimal point moved. 50,000. to 5.0000 = 4 decimal places.

9. Scientific Notation 3. Express this number (4) as your power of 10. 50,000. = 5.0 x 10 4. 4. Numbers smaller than 1 will be expressed with a negative exponent..02 = 2.0 x 10 –2. 3. Express this number (4) as your power of 10. 50,000. = 5.0 x 10 4. 4. Numbers smaller than 1 will be expressed with a negative exponent..02 = 2.0 x 10 –2.

10. Scientific Notation / 3,500,000. expressed in scientific notation = 3.5 x 10 6..00045 expressed in scientific notation = 4.5 x 10 –4. / 3,500,000. expressed in scientific notation = 3.5 x 10 6..00045 expressed in scientific notation = 4.5 x 10 –4.

11. Metric System / System International (SI)- A system of measurement based on decimals that uses the number 10 as the base unit.

12. Metric System / Why do we use the metric system in science? Precise- There are more divisions of units: kilo, hecto, deca, deci, centi, milli. Convenient- All numbers are divisible by 10. Consistent- It is used universally throughout the world. / Why do we use the metric system in science? Precise- There are more divisions of units: kilo, hecto, deca, deci, centi, milli. Convenient- All numbers are divisible by 10. Consistent- It is used universally throughout the world.

13. Metric System / What quantities do we measure with the metric system? Length- The straight-line distance between two points. Measured in meters (m). Volume- The amount of space taken up by an object. Measured in milliliters (ml) or cubic centimeters. (cm 3 ). Mass- The amount of matter in an object. Measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg). / What quantities do we measure with the metric system? Length- The straight-line distance between two points. Measured in meters (m). Volume- The amount of space taken up by an object. Measured in milliliters (ml) or cubic centimeters. (cm 3 ). Mass- The amount of matter in an object. Measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg).

14. Metric System / What quantities do we measure with the metric system? Density- The mass of an object per unit volume. Measured in grams per milliliter (g/ml) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm 3 ). Time- The interval between the occurrence of two events. Measured in seconds (s). Temperature- A measure of the energy contained in the particles that make up a material. Measured in kelvin (K) or Celsius (ºC). / What quantities do we measure with the metric system? Density- The mass of an object per unit volume. Measured in grams per milliliter (g/ml) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm 3 ). Time- The interval between the occurrence of two events. Measured in seconds (s). Temperature- A measure of the energy contained in the particles that make up a material. Measured in kelvin (K) or Celsius (ºC).

15. Mass and Weight / The amount of matter in an object (mass) is the same no matter where the object is located in the universe. / Weight is a measure of the gravitational force on an object. Weight is the product of an object’s mass and the gravitational force it experiences. W = m g / The amount of matter in an object (mass) is the same no matter where the object is located in the universe. / Weight is a measure of the gravitational force on an object. Weight is the product of an object’s mass and the gravitational force it experiences. W = m g

16. Which object has a greater density?

17. D = M ÷V Density = mass ÷ volume Mass = density × volume M = D × V Volume = mass ÷ density V = M ÷ D

18. Rules for Solving Density Problems Write equation: D = m ÷ v, M = d × v, or V = m ÷ d. Convert: Mass to grams (g) and volume to milliliters (ml). Solve problem. Include the correct units in your answer: g, ml, or g/ml. Write equation: D = m ÷ v, M = d × v, or V = m ÷ d. Convert: Mass to grams (g) and volume to milliliters (ml). Solve problem. Include the correct units in your answer: g, ml, or g/ml.