1. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Nationalism: The Traditional Orientation Who is here so vile that will not love his country? —William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar

2. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Nations, Nationalism, and Nation-States: Political Divisions in Global Politics Political identities–most people have more than one Nationalism–“most powerful political idea”, but not as dominant a political orientation as it used to be

3. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. NATIONS Share demographic and cultural similarities: race, culture, language, ethnicity, etc. Feeling of community: Recognition/belief in connectedness. Desire to be politically separate: autonomous self-governance Ethnonational group

4. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. NATIONALISM Separatist political impulse of a nation An ideology that holds that the nation should be the primary political identity of individuals A sense of essential political identity that dictates action in concert

5. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. NATION-STATES In theory, the combination of state and nation, reflecting a nation’s desire to have its own state and to govern itself independently In practice, many states contain multiple nations within their own borders and nations often overlap one or more state boundaries

6. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Rise of Nationalism: Early Developments Fall of Roman Empire Division of Western Christendom, and fragmentation of European culture Rise of secular monarchs

7. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Rise of Nationalism: Ascendant Modern Nationalism Creation of a nationalistic popular culture Concept of popular sovereignty, from Switzerland and England to American and French Revolutions Changes in the political map–emergence of nation-states

8. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Rise of Nationalism: Patterns of Nation-State Formation Which comes first, the nation and nationalism or the nation-state? Nation-building vs. state building Sometimes they evolve together

9. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Nation-States: More Myth Than Reality Territorial boundaries of nations and states do not often coincide Lack of “fit” between nations and states is a significant source of international and domestic tension and conflict Lack-of-fit patterns: Multinational States (Canada, Rwanda) Multistate Nation (Koreans, Albanians) Stateless Nation (Kurds, Palestinians) Multiple nations, multiple states (Afghanistan, Russia)

10. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Nationalism A Positive or Negative Force in World Politics? The Costs and Benefits of Nationalism

11. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Positive Nationalism Promotes democracy (self-determination, popular sovereignty), but can be manipulated by demagogues Encourages self-determination Discourages imperialism: Serves as a powerful deterrent to outside rule but can encourage expansionist tendencies Promotes economic development Protects diversity and experimentation to an extent

12. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Negative Nationalism Intensity and magnitude of ethnonational conflicts remain high Leads to the lack of concern for others, reluctance to help, internal oppression and external aggression Exclusionism Exceptionalism and xenophobia

13. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Self-Determination as a Goal Positive Aspects: Can help end ethnic oppression Problems and Concerns: Untangling groups Microstates "Negative sovereignty" invites intervention by more powerful International instability

14. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Nationalism and the Future Continued strength of nationalism throughout the world BUT, nationalism may evolve toward internationalism, but at a slow pace at best- no immediate prospects for change Still primary source of political identification, but is constantly being challenged