2. 英 国 文 化英 国 文 化英 国 文 化英 国 文 化 British Culture and Education 主讲教师：田祥斌

3. Lecture 1 1. Complicated Names of the Country 2. Area and Population (Chapters 11, 12) 3. British Anthems and Flag (Chapter 6) 4. The British Media (Chapter 3) 5. British Broadcasting (Chapter 3) 6. British Sports (Chapter 5) 7. British Social Life (Chapter 1) 8. Commonwealth Realms and Nations (C16)

4. 1. Complicated name 1) England (English) 2) Britain (British) 3) Great Britain 4) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ( 大不列颠及北爱尔 兰联合王国, full and official name) Four parts (nations): England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

9. 2. Area and Population The total area of the UK is only 244,820 square kilometers with a population of about 60 million. In 2001, the population of the United Kingdom was recorded at just under 59 million people. England more or less constantly makes up 85% of the total population. Comparison: 185,900sq.km in Hubei Province in China with a population of about 57.2 million (2010).

10. England is the largest and most developed of all the four nations. Its population is more than 51 million and makes up 85%. Highly urbanized country 80% of its population living in cities, 2% working in agriculture. Capital: London (over 7 million residents) with about one seventh of the nation’s population

11. 3. British Anthems and Flag (See the textbook: Chapter 6, pp61-63;64- 67) National anthem of UK: God Save the Queen (or King) National Flag of UK: Union Jack

12. 4.The British Press and News Agencies There are about one hundred and thirty dailies and more than 1000 weeklies in the UK. Almost all the national papers are published in London. Manchester is the second center of the British press in the UK. Times (1785) The Guardian (1821) Financial Times (1888)

13. Periodicals of all types are usually published either weekly or monthly. There are about 4900 of them in UK. Economist, New Statesman, Spectator, etc. (See the textbook: Chapter 3, pp27-30)

14. 5.British Broadcasting (See the textbook: Chapter 3, pp32-33) The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) Internet, Website 网络

15. 6.British Sports (See textbook: Chapter 5, pp53-55) Cricket ( 板球 ) Football Rugby football 橄榄球 Horse racing 赛马 Golf, fishing, shooting and hunting, etc.

16. Oxford & Cambridge Boat Race The first Oxford V. Cambridge boat race took place in 1829 and it soon became an annual event between students from these two universities. It takes place on the River Thames in London and attracts a massive crowd of around 250,000 to the banks of the River Thames. The BBC TV audience averages over six million.

17. 7. British Social Life (See textbook: Chapter 1, PP5-9) Stable Social life in the UK can be depicted in several accounts. A. The class distinction (the class structure): the upper class, the middle class, the working class. Class awareness still exists in UK. The jobs people do and their income levels are important to determine class.

18. Social Life B. The different life styles according to the nations. Clothing: Scottish man’s tartan kilt Irish dialect Welsh language C. The welfare program Health: free medical care Housing Social security: Begging is illegal in the UK.

19. Social Life D. The high standard of living E. The concentration of population England: over 85% population London: the largest city in UK with about one seventh of the nation’s population. Political center: the seat of government Cultural center: home to all the major newspapers, TV stations, galleries, theatres and museums

20. The Tower of London

21. Houses of Parliament

22. Tower Bridge

23. Windsor Castle

24. Business center: headquarters of the vast majority of Britain’s big companies Financial center: one of the three major international financial centers in the world. As such it combines the functions of New York, Washington and Los Angeles, in one city.(BSG in China) --- New York, London, Tokyo --- New York, London, Paris --- New York, London, HongKong --- New York, London, Zurich ( 苏黎世 )

25. 8. Commonwealth realms and As of 2012, there are 16 Commonwealth realms. The Commonwealth realms are former British colonies. Elizabeth II as queen in 1952 and acquired legal status with the adoption of the modern royal styles and titles by the individual countries. The phrase Commonwealth realm, however, is only an informal description; it is not an official term.

26. 9. British Commonwealth of Nations （英联邦） The Commonwealth of Nations, normally referred to as the Commonwealth and formerly known as the British Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organisation of 54 (53) independent member states. All members were part of the British Empire.

27. The symbol of their free association is the Head of the Commonwealth, which is a ceremonial position currently held by Queen Elizabeth II. Elizabeth II is also monarch, separately and independently, of 16 Commonwealth members, which are known as the "Commonwealth realms".

28. Head of the Commonwealth 16 members of the Commonwealth, known as Commonwealth realms, recognize the Queen as their head of state.

30. 2. an important international role of the empire: Commonwealth of Nations (imperial country) 2. an important international role of the empire: Commonwealth of Nations (imperial country) 1) language and literature 1) language and literature 2) culture and education 2) culture and education 3) trade and resources 3) trade and resources 3. European Union 3. European Union 4. relatively wealthy country: seven large developed economies 4. relatively wealthy country: seven large developed economies

31. immigration vs. emigration immigration vs. emigration ethnicity ethnicity India, Pakistan, Caribbean India, Pakistan, Caribbean 4 parts 4 parts 1) the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland, Wales; 1) the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland, Wales; Wales has maintained its own distinct culture and a strong nationalist sentiment. Cardiff is the capital and the largest city. Population, 2,790,462. Wales has maintained its own distinct culture and a strong nationalist sentiment. Cardiff is the capital and the largest city. Population, 2,790,462. 2) Northern Ireland 2) Northern Ireland Ireland Ireland

32. England England Population Population Area Area dominant in the UK in all fields: government, finance, and culture. dominant in the UK in all fields: government, finance, and culture. History of invasions History of invasions

33. I. Historical Background I.1 Old English period (449-1066) I.1 Old English period (449-1066) I.1.1 The early inhabitants: Celts I.1.1 The early inhabitants: Celts I.1.2 England was conquered by the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons (different tribes of Teutons) I.1.2 England was conquered by the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons (different tribes of Teutons) I.1.3 Angle-land: shortened into England I.1.3 Angle-land: shortened into England I.1.4 The Old English language: also called Anglo-Saxon or Saxon which was spoken from A.D. 600 to about 1100. I.1.4 The Old English language: also called Anglo-Saxon or Saxon which was spoken from A.D. 600 to about 1100.

34. Highly urbanized country Highly urbanized country 80% of its population living in cities 80% of its population living in cities 2% working in agriculture 2% working in agriculture Capital: London Capital: London London London 1. seat of government 1. seat of government 2. cultural center 2. cultural center 3. news center 3. news center 4. business center 4. business center 5. financial center 5. financial center