1. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 1 PET Technologies and developments Jose DA SILVA LIP-Lisboa Manaus 07-08-2015

2. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 2 From particle physics to medical applications

3. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 3 From particle physics to medical applications Timing, Control & L1A DCCDCC CCSCCS TCCTCC …… Xtal Data Trigger primitives VME Controller L1A ECAL example: PwO4 20 x 3 x 3 cm ~76000channels 68 Trigger Towers modularity FE ASICs for data Readout and Trigger

4. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 4 From particle physics to medical applications 6144 channels 32 channels units based DCSDCS TRIG/DAQTRIG/DAQ …… Xtal Data PC SERVERS CLEAR PEM example: LYSO 20 x 3 x 3 mm FE ASIC for data Readout with event rejections logic 160MHz

5. LISHEP 2015, Manaus To build an high performance detector for breast cancer detection with unprecedented resolution 6 years of I&D6 years of I&D 6 M€ funding6 M€ funding Supported by: The CLEAR PEM collaboration

6. LISHEP 2015, Manaus Crystals LYSO: Density: 7.4g.cm -3Density: 7.4g.cm -3 Emission Peak: 420nmEmission Peak: 420nm Avalanche Photodiodes (APD): Hamamatsu S8550 Gain ~ 150Gain ~ 150 Dark Current: ≤10nA / pixelDark Current: ≤10nA / pixel Detector Technology

7. LISHEP 2015, Manaus ClearPEM detector module PET ASICsPET ASICs 12 x32 crystals12 x32 crystals 2 x 192 ch ASIC Readout per side2 x 192 ch ASIC Readout per side Dual readout of the xtal matricesDual readout of the xtal matrices Low power, low noiseLow power, low noise ClearPEM ASIC Basic detector module : a Supermodule

8. LISHEP 2015, Manaus FE – Integração II Modular compact system  Blocs of detection units  16 Supermodules  2 detection units  PSU  Clock & Control  HV  DAQ system

9. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 9 Da Modelização à Realização The full project, from electronics to mechanics, was first emulated with 3D CAD/CAE systems, and manufactured only after.

10. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 10 1. Water cooling plates 2. Supermodulos 3.connexion panel) 4. Cables assembly 5 : Service Board ( LV, HV, CLOCK, DATA) 6. HV Matrix (HV distribution) 1 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 FE – Integração III

11. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 11 Detector Heads Final 5-60 cm

12. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 12 DAQ and Trigger units DAQ Board 4 x DAQ Boards TGR/DCC Board TRG/DCC Board Level 1 Trigger/DAQ The L1 trigger and DAQ boards are assembled in one external crate Complex trigger algorithm (36K calibration constants) Frontend - L1 Trigger - ate 156 Gb/s Level 2 DAQ: Servidor high-end L1–L2 bandwidth up to 800 MB/s DAQ Board New Data link: S-link 64

13. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 13 DAQ Server Services Server High Voltages Low Voltages Test System Acquisition Manager Data Acquisition System

14. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 14 DCS software Control panels DAQ Server Service Manager 8 cores, 2 TB disk array 2 cores, 0.5 TB disk array High Voltage Supply Low Voltage Supply DAQ test system Isolation Transformer Gigabit Switch

15. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 15 DATA Server Start an acquisition Online monitoring Visualizacao e analise 4 cores, 4 GB RAM, 1 TB disk array Operation, Monitoring, Reconstruction and visualisation software

16. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 16 Grid with 5 mm pitch 1 mm Na-22 source OSEM-2D OSEM-3D FWHM (deconvoluted of source size) = 1,2 mm  Two acquisition per position  (400-600 keV)  Simultaneous reconstituion with 16 acquisition points Na-22 source 30 uCi ClearPEM Images

17. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 17 ClearPEM robot Robot : 6 axes Embedded CPU and RealTimeOS Power Distribution Grid Robot Axis Drivers Robot Control 2008

18. LISHEP 2015, Manaus Development concluded in 2008 The PET Scanner with the best spacial resolution (1.3mm)The PET Scanner with the best spacial resolution (1.3mm) The only PET in the market with DOI measurement and without paralaxThe only PET in the market with DOI measurement and without paralax The highest density of integrationThe highest density of integration 3.0 mm 2.5 mm 2.0 mm 1.5 mm 1.2 mm SPACIAL RESOLUTION 18

19. LISHEP 2015, Manaus o We have fully developed two PET scanners o CLEAR PEM and CLEAR PEM SONIC o The validity of the results was demonstrated on clinical trails in Coimbra (Portugal) and in the Hopital Nord, in Marseilles (France) o We have identified several cases of cancers that were invisible in the full body PET scanners. o Still ongoing: o Clinical trials at Hospital San Gerardo, Monza, Italy o PET Markers studies (ICNAS, Coimbra) Clinical trials results 19

20. LISHEP 2015, Manaus Cancer cells are concentrated in the periphery of the tumor Small lesion in the left breast seen in PEM, but not in the whole body PET click for 3D animation Left Breast Right Breast Clinical Case : bilateral breast cancer

21. LISHEP 2015, Manaus Whole-body PET image Patient with breast cancer tumors imaged both with whole-body PET and with ClearPEM ClearPEM image Supine position Prone position Images obtained at Hospital Université de la Méditerranée PEM: o Multifocal Lesions are observed o Strong impact on surgery planning PET/CT exam: Resolution is insufficient to identify multiple focus Clinical Case : multifocal breast cancer

22. LISHEP 2015, Manaus FDG scan A = 1,2 mCi Weight = 180g Colon tumor Image obtained with PETsys scanner installed at ICNAS, Faculdade de Medicina, Coimbra Colon tumor detection

23. LISHEP 2015, Manaus Injection in the tail Melanoma FDG scan A = 170 µCi Weight = 18g Melanoma Image obtained with PETsys scanner installed at ICNAS, Faculdade de Medicina, Coimbra Melanoma detection

24. LISHEP 2015, Manaus Installed at Hopital Nord Marseille Prototype at ICNAS Coimbra 24 @ICNAS, COIMBRA

25. LISHEP 2015, Manaus Installed at Hopital Nord Marseille … 25 @Marseille

26. LISHEP 2015, Manaus …and moved to Monza 26 @Monza

27. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 27 Novas tecnologias Novos detectores Novas aplicações New technologies New detectors New applications SiPM 16 mm

28. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 28 High sensitivity:  New PET modules with higher sensitivity  New photodetectors ( APDs->SIPM) PET Time-of-Flight  New time-of-flight PET detectors, SiPM (Silicon Photomultipliers)  New ASIC for time-of-flight PET detectors Trigger/DAQ for large scanner systems  New DAQ high performance system. (for brain abd full body PET)  New DAQ formats from market(uTCA)  DAQ goes optical New technologies SiPM 16 mm

29. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 29 New Crystal Detector Matrices 64% packing fraction 82% 511 keV interaction probability (20 mm crystals) Sinocera Matrix Proteus Matrix 88% packing fraction 92% 511 keV interaction probability (30 mm crystals) Better xtal matrices, with reduced gaps, from a direct interaction with manufacturers

30. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 30 ENDOTOFPET collaboration The purpose: create an Endoscopic PET based detectorFor pancreatic and prostate cancer detection

31. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 31 ENDOTOFPET project

32. LISHEP 2015, Manaus TOFPET microelectronics ASIC o Clock frequency 160 MHz o TDC time binning 50 ps o Power per channel 7 mW o SNR for single photoelectron 23.5 dB 64-channel chip design 64-channel silicon chip 128-channel dual-die BGA package IBM CMS 0.13  m o Benefiting from the experience with APDs, LIP and PETsys has developed microelectronics and detectors based on SiPMs. TOFPETASIC for Time of Flight PET

33. LISHEP 2015, Manaus Better time resolution will dramatically improve the PET image quality The accuracy of the source localization depends on the coincidence time resolution (CTR) ∆x= uncertainty in position along LOR = (speed of light) × CTR/2 The TOF benefit is proportional to D/∆x With PMTs CTR ≥ 500 ps if great care is taken to get the best CTR PETsys Detector Modules have CTR ~250 ps PET TOF

34. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 34 ENDOTOFPET project After the production of the individual components from each workpackage we bring it all together DESYHEIDELBERG

35. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 35 ENDOTOFPET project LIP Integration@CERN

36. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 36 ENDOTOFPET project PET HEAD Using SIPM and LIP TOFPET ASIC Prostate version

37. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 37 ENDOTOFPET project Pancreas PET HEAD Using SIPM and LIP TOFPET ASIC (Under developement)

38. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 4.5 cm Detector modules, APDs and electronics Cooling plates Power and bias voltage distribution 35 cm 60 cm Technology using SiPMs Brain PET EXAMPLES : Animal PET and Brain PET

39. LISHEP 2015, Manaus 39 Brain PET-MR Insert Detector modules Cooling plates 35 cm 60 cm ParameterValue Spatial resolution1.3 mm FWHM Energy resolution (511 keV)15% FWHM Time resolution (coincidence)4 ns FWHM DoI resolution2 mm FWHM P ERFORMANCE PARAMETERS Ressonancia Magnetica Leitura com DoI

40. LISHEP 2015, Manaus Obrigado Manaus