1. Green IT and the Environment Henrik Madsen Professor DTU Informatics Technical University of Denmark

2. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Contents Wind Power Integration Problems and Potentials Smart Meters and Energy Savings Green IT Solutions at DTU Green IT Considerations

3. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Today Denmark has a leading position in the World with 23 pct of power coming from the wind (upper figure) Goal: 50 pct by 2025 (lower figure). Impossible with the power system of today – we need IT and new open standards Already today: Negative prices on wind power! Figure kindly produced by Energinet.dk First 8 weeks of 2007 To day + 3.000 MW Demand Wind power Demand

4. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Residual need – and overflow

5. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Celle project – Energinet.dk

6. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Celle project (Energinet.dk)

7. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Integration - status and alternatives Celle project (ensures stability of the power grid): Price: approx. 20 mill US $ (Holsted only) Focus on hardware A better alternative (Use IT and Open Standards): Varying tariffs Flexible consumption Prediction of wind power District heating systems Family houses – optimization and energy storages

8. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Green IT power lab

9. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Power Consumption and Smart Meters Economist June 6th, 2009: Studies indicates 7 pct reduction in power use if the price is varying and visible. Studies indicates 15 pct – or more – during peak hours with added incentives. However, power companies are reluctant to invest in technologies that will reduce consumption of the product they sell. Calls for Open Standards Intelligent household appliances. (CECED is prepared)

10. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Energy Savings in Buildings (A leading Danish News Paper) Berlingske 28. January 2009: Energy Labelling – as of today – does not work. The values are unreliable. For the existing deductive approach two independent experts can predict very different consumption for the same household.

11. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Perspectives using smart meters Reliable Energy Labelling Proposals for Energy Savings: Replace the windows? Put more insulation on the roof? Is the house too untight?...... Web Implementation (easy) Optimized Control Optimized use of solar and wind power

12. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Potentials for Wind Power Scenarium: Assume that the Worlds total power consumption is supplied by wind power. How large an area should then be covered by wind mills? Conclusion: Why not start saving CO2 now..?. Notice: New IT solutions and open standards are required World's total power consumption

13. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Cloud Computing at DTU: From Fat Nodes to...

14. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Thin Clients Everywhere

15. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Issues with the cost of power

16. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Computer System at DTU 3 computers and 21.000 users Syst. adm. 2-4 people Cloud Computing setup Thin Clients: 4 W power consumption Energy efficient server room

17. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 All users have.... Fast CPUs Shared Memory Architecture (can create software for the future massive multicore CPUs) Fast internet connections Very large disk and memory space Fast disc access (NAS-system) Access to the same file system

18. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Advantages TCO is much lower The system is modular Very long life time The system is always up No virus Remote Thin Clients – we suggest ThinLinc which is based on Open Standards

19. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Advantages (cont.) Zero administration desktop No desktop licensing Reduced administration servers. Simultaneous access to Unix, Linux and Windows Open source/standards Improved scalability Lower TCOs

20. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Cost Components Fat (incl notebooks) and Thin Clients (Initial Cost/Software/Admin/Power)

21. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Web Meetings and Teaching We are developing 'The Universal Primer' – a web based system for meetings and teaching Project goals: Allow anyone with a computer to teach and learn from anyone else, anywhere, anytime Give everyone access to free educational materials on all topics Flexible web meetings Based entirely on Open Standards

22. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Green IT - Hardware Now: Green TOP 500 list No. 1 is Juelich/IBM (Modified Cell processor) – 773 MFLOPS/Watt A typical PC based setup runs at 130 MFLOPS/Watt A PC is most often idle... so, share them In the future: The PUE design value will be less than 1.20

23. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010 Green IT - Software Let's compare ODF (ISO 26300) and OOXML (ISO 29500):: On average* it is found that OOXML documents are around 40 pct larger than ODF documents with the same contents! Parcing OOXML documents took on average* 3.5 times the amount for the ODF documents! ODF was created using existing standards OOXML was designed by a single vendor Why are we still struggling with bad interoperability ?? (XML for office documents is not rocket science) * Statistics based on 179 documents

24. ISO Open Session Oslo, September 2010