1. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES Learning objectives and key terms

2. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT What is a landscape? Learning objective  To consider the definition of landscape OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

3. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Learning objective  To explore the differences between built and natural landscapes OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

4. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Built landscape – the human-made surroundings that provide the environment for human activity; may also refer to towns, cities and other urban environments OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

5. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Contour lines – a line on a map joining places of equal height OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

6. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Landform – a natural, recognisable feature of the Earth’s surface OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

7. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Local – tends to refer to a small area or region when considering the scale of a study but can also be used to refer to one’s own neighbourhood or an area known to a person; a local scale can be either local to the learner or another small-scale location OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

8. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term National – referring to a nation or country; a scale of looking at things where particular countries are the subject of study OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

9. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Natural – existing in, or derived from, processes that do not involve humans OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

10. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Natural landscape – a landscape that is the result of natural processes and has not been shaped or changed by human activity OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

11. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Regional – used to refer to the characteristics of a defined area within a larger area; the scale can vary but within geography regions could include East Anglia or a district within a county; a region is an area of land that has common features, which may be artificial, such as dialect, language, religion, industry or administrative boundaries, or natural, such as climate or landscape OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

12. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Scale – can refer to maps that are drawn at particular levels of detail; in geography, this often refers to whether something is looked at from the local, regional, national or global level OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

13. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Spot height – the height of a specific point on the land, which is added to an Ordnance Survey map OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

14. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Where are the physical landscapes of the UK? Learning objective  To identify the difference between upland, lowland and glaciated landscapes OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

15. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Learning objective  To look at the distribution of each of these areas across the UK OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

16. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Learning objective  To explore the characteristics of these landscapes that may make them distinctive, including their geology, climate and human activity OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

17. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Learning objective  To explore the differences between built and natural landscapes OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

18. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Biological processes – processes that result from the action of living organisms, whether plant or animal, in nature OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

19. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Chemical processes – processes that result from chemical reactions and interactions OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

20. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Climate – the long-term average of the temperature and rainfall experienced at a location OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

21. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Coniferous – trees that are evergreen and have needle-shaped leaves OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

22. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Deciduous – trees that shed their leaves during winter to retain moisture, also known as broadleaved trees OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

23. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Freeze–thaw cycle – the daily fluctuations of temperature either side of freezing point; when repeated they contribute to physical weathering OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

24. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Geology – the study of rocks and their formation, structure and composition OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

25. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Geomorphic processes – processes that result in a change in the shape of the Earth; from ‘geo’ meaning the earth and ‘morph’ meaning to change shape OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

26. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Glacial processes – processes resulting from the action of ice, often in the form of glaciers or other landforms but can also involve the cold temperatures associated with glacial periods OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

27. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Ice age – a glacial episode characterised by lower than average global temperatures and during which ice covers more of the Earth’s surface OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

28. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Igneous – when referring to rocks, this means rocks formed within the interior of the Earth, and shaped by heat OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

29. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Impermeable – a surface or substance that doesn’t allow water to pass through it OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

30. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Mechanical processes – physical processes that act mechanically on a substance OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

31. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Metamorphic – rocks that have been changed as a result of heat and pressure being applied to them over long periods of time OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

32. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Rural – areas which are not urban; characteristic of the countryside rather than towns and cities OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

33. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Sedimentary – rocks that have been produced from layers of sediment, usually at the bottom of the sea OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

34. Chapter 4: What makes a landscape distinctive? NEXT Key term Urban – refers to areas that have been built by people; towns and cities OCR GCSE (9–1) GEOGRAPHY B TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES