1. Part 1- The Hearth and the Salamander p. 8: Millay, Edna St. Vincent: American writer (1892-1950); Whitman, Walt : perhaps the most important American poet of the late 19th century (1819- 1892); above all, he was influenced by the transcendentalists, particularly by Ralph Waldo Emerson. He wanted to show how man might achieve for himself the greatest possible freedom within the limits of natural law. Faulkner, William: famous novelist and short story writer of the American South (1897- 1962) and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950. The pattern to destroy the works of these writers directly reflects the McCarthy era, in which so-called Un-American books were burned in order to 'protect' the U.S.A. against Communism. For Bradbury, there exist also some parallels to Hitler's torching books in 1934 and to the Salem witch hunts in 1680, during which his "ten-times-great grandmother Mary Bradbury was tried but escaped the burning"

2. Part 1- The Hearth and the Salamander p. 35: First Fireman: Benjamin Franklin: Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), statesman and philosopher, is said to be one of the fathers of the American Dream and famous for his Autobiography. At the same time he is the founder of America's first fire brigade, which came into being in Boston in 1736. p. 36 and p. 40: "Play the man, Master Ridley; we shall this day light such a candle, by God's grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out." This quotation refers to Hugh Latimer, the leading English reformer of the sixteenth century and Nicholas Ridley, Anglican bishop: they refused to recognize Roman Catholic doctrine and therefore were burnt alive for heresy in 1555. In a similar way the old woman refuses to sacrifice her views; therefore her death puts Montag's development into motion: she becomes a candle which will last him the rest of his life.

3. Objectives: To identify types of allusions in Fahrenheit 451 To explore the effects of allusions To analyze the themes of the novel through a focus on allusions For each of the following types of allusions, locate examples from F451. Use parts 2 and 3 of the novel to locate example. Use direct quotations to record the allusions. Then find the sources of the allusions, and explain their purpose; include the ways they enhance the themes of the novel. Types of AllusionsExample & Page #Source and Purpose 1.Biblical- A biblical allusion is a very quick or indirect reference to something in the Bible, such as a particular scripture, character or story. 2.Classical- A classical allusion is a reference to a particular event or character in classical works of literature, such as ancient Roman or Greek works. 3.Historical- An historical allusion is a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical significance. 4.Literary- A literary allusion is a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of literary significance. 5.Topical(Cultural/Political)- A topical allusion is a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of cultural or political significance.

4. Directions: Ray Bradbury makes many allusions in Fahrenheit 451. You will be assigned an allusion from the novel. After locating the allusion in Fahrenheit 451, research the author, philosopher, theorist, or leader, and his literary work, philosophical writing, theory, or achievement. Prepare to act as that person in a presentation in which you tell the class who you are, explain why Bradbury included you and your text or idea in his story, and clarify the type of allusion (biblical, classical, historical, literary, cultural, political).