1. Creative Commons IPNM2007 Kaido Kikkas
This document uses the GNU Free Documentation License (v1.2 or newer).

2. Birth of free content Earlier: mostly software Early examples: RFC
Project Gutenberg
fanfiction.net
At the end of the XX century – the new media boom: e-learning, telework, network media, social software et
Growing need for new regulations

3. GNU FDL
GPL can be used for other content, but the main problem is – what is the “source”?
1999 – GNU Free Documentation License
mostly for technical documentation
The largest user is Wikipedia
Problems:
lawyer language
too extensive
prevents DRM etc (well before GPL 3!)

4. More efforts
Open Publication License by David Wiley's Open Content Project
did not break through
The Free Art License
the source problem like in GPL

5. CC 2001 – created by Lawrence Lessig 2002 – first set of licenses
Middle-of-the-road: “some rights reserved”
Author's overrule principle
Initially somewhat US-centric (copyright!)
Too “non-free” for FSF
Does not mix with GPL and FDL

6. Main points Human language Simple web-based choice 3 documents:
Commons Deed (human language)
Full legal text (lawyer language)
RDF/XML metadata for machine reading

7. Choice in four questions
Allow commercial uses of the work? (Y/N)
Allow modifications of the work? (Yes; Yes, as long as others share alike; No)
Jurisdiction of your license (localised or unported)
Format of the work (Audio; Video; Image; Text; Interactive; Other)

8. Main licenses Attribution (BY) Attribution-ShareAlike (BY-SA)
Attribution-NonCommercial (BY-NC)
Attribution-NoDerivs (BY-ND)
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (BY- NC-SA)
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (BY- NC-ND)

9. Sampling
Sampling - partial usage is allowed in all purposes but advertisement, while the entire object will remain under full copyright
Sampling Plus - the former plus allows the non-commercial use of the entire object (like BY-NC-SA)
NonCommercial Sampling Plus - both partial and full use is only allowed noncommercially (in essence the BY-NC-SA complemented with a sampling clause)

10. Others
Public Domain
CC GNU GPL
CC GNU LGPL

11. Sensible copyright Founders' Copyright – the original 14+14
DevNations: the dual license
for the poor (UN DevNations) – CC BY
for the rich – full copyright

12. Problems (typical whine - “how can you earn?”)
Copyright vs droit d'auteur
Legal compatibility (esp. with GPL)
Localisation

13. Final words Perhaps the most used “middle approach”
Has greatly helped to popularise free culture
Acceptable to many people suspicious towards GPL and others
The current US focus and localisation need to be addressed