1. Chapter 12 Nutrition from 1 to 100

2. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Energy Needs of Children

3. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MyPyramid for Kids

4. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Limiting Juice Consumption Drinking too much juice can cause over- Consumption, diarrhea, dental caries etc.

5. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Healthy Menus for Children Serve children frequent nutritious meals and snacks Smear peanut butter on a banana or an apple. Offer some carrots with yogurt dip. Try to have at least four colors in every meal. Cut and arrange foods in interesting shapes. Sneak in more fruits and vegetables Bake bananas and berries into breads and muffins. Add vegetables to soups, tacos, and casseroles. Blend fruit into shakes and smoothies. Mix extra vegetables into spaghetti sauce. Include calcium where you can Have macaroni and cheese. Make oatmeal with milk rather than water. Make cream soup by adding milk. Serve pudding and custard. Add iron Make your spaghetti sauce with meat. Cook your stew in an iron pot. Beef up your tacos and burritos. Serve iron-fortified breakfast cereal.

6. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Meal Patterns for 3- and 8-year-olds

7. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Diet-Related Disease Conditions in Children High-calorie, high-saturated-fat diets combined with low-activity lifestyles can lead to the following: Obesity Type 2 Diabetes Elevated serum cholesterol Heart disease Hypertension

8. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Television and Obesity TV advertised products

9. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dietary Concerns for Adolescents Adolescence is a time of independence and changed behaviors. Dietary choices in adolescence can lead to nutrient deficiencies. Adolescents may be making decisions about: Vegetarianism Eating for appearance and/or performance Smoking Alcohol use Oral contraceptive use Teenage pregnancy

10. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adolescent Growth Lean Body Mass and fat

11. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MyPyramid for Teens

12. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Healthy Menus for Teens Balance unhealthy choices with healthy ones Have milk with your burger and fries. Eat an extra vegetable with dinner. Put peppers on your pizza. Try fresh fruit for dessert. Eat breakfast Grab some toast with peanut butter. Stick a cereal bar or muffin in your backpack. Have a yogurt on the go. Snack well Reach for an apple, a pear, or an orange before the cookies and chips. Dip your chips in salsa, guacamole, or hummus. Nibble on nuts and seeds. Crunch some baby carrots. Count up your calcium Drink milk—low-fat milk has fewer calories than soda. Put extra milk on your cereal. Make a shake by mixing yogurt and fruit in the blender. Have cheese with crackers, on pizza, or in tacos.

13. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Healthy Vegetarian Choices High saturated-fat and high cholesterol Whole grain with low in saturated fat and cholesterol, high in fiber and complex carbohydrate

14. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Nutrition for the Adult Years What Causes Aging? As organisms become older, the number of cells they contain decreases and the function of the remaining cells declines. As tissues and organs lose cells, the ability of the organism to maintain homeostasis decreases. Loss of cells occurs throughout life but is not felt for a long time, due to reserve capacity. In young adults, the reserve capacity of organs is four to ten times that required to sustain life. As a person ages, reserve capacity decreases and the effects of aging become evident.

15. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Factors That Influence How We Age

16. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Body Composition and Energy Needs

17. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Nutrient Needs of Older Adults

18. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Changes That Can Occur As We Age It is difficult to determine which of the changes that occur as we age are inevitable and which can be attributed to disease states. Some of the changes can include: Sensory decline Macular degeneration Cataracts Periodontal disease Atrophic gastritis Decline in size and functioning of liver and kidneys Increase in body fat, decrease in lean body tissue Reduced hormone levels Decrease in mobility Dementia Alzheimer’s disease

19. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Osteoarthritis

20. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Warning Signs of Malnutrition in Older Adults

21. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MyPyramid for Older Adults

22. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keeping Older Adults Healthy There are a variety of social and economic changes that often accompany aging. These factors are interrelated and can affect nutritional status by decreasing the motivation to shop for, prepare and enjoy food and beverages. These changes can include: Income level Dependent living Depression Activity level

23. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The Chemistry of Alcohol

24. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Blood Alcohol Levels

25. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Alcohol Metabolism ADH – Alcohol dehydrogenase MEOS – Microsomal ethanol- oxidizing system

26. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Alcoholic Cirrhosis

27. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. End of Chapter 12 Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without express permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information herein..