1. Who is the Solitary Long Terminal Repeats of ERV-9 Endogenous Retrovirus?
석사 1 년
김 우 연

2. Contents Identification of ERV9 LTR
Identification of R within ERV9 LTR
Mutational Analysis of ERV9 Promoter Region
Mobilization of ERV9 during Primate Evolution
ERV9 LTR in β-globin gene and Axin gene
Evolution of ERV9
Future study

3. 1. Identification of ERV9 in undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cells

4. Assay of ERV9 LTR promoter activity in different human cell lines

5. 2. Identification of R within ERV9 LTR
Identification of R within HERV9 LTR ( LTR12 )

6. Identification of transcription start sites
- Transfection in NT2/D1 cells
- Total RNA isolation
- Primer extension analysis
Using a primer complementary to the CAT coding region

7. CAT expression assay
CAT gene
Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase
counting the amount of [14C] Chloramphenicol converted to the mono-acetylated forms
Efficient promoter activity region : -70/+6, -70/-7

8. DNase I footprint analysis
: +7 ~ -10
: -33 ~ -54
Sp1 transcription factor binds to
-54 ~ -33

9. Sp1 transcription factor binds to
-54 ~ -33

10. 3. Mutational Analysis of ERV9 Promoter Region

13. The potential of different transcription factors

14. 4. Mobilization of ERV9 during Primate Evolution

15. zinc finger protein 80 (ZNF80) gene

16. ZNF80 in the primate species

17. Alignment of LTRs regions

18. Phylogenetic tree of radiation, insertion time
Insertion time of the ERV9 element

19. 5. ERV9 LTR in β-globin gene and Axin gene
ERV9 LTR is conserved during primate evolution and possess enhancer activities

20. β-globin gene region A. B. nuclease hypersensitive site 5,4,3,2,1
HBE1, HBG2,1 HBBP1, HBD, HBB B.
Human, Chimpanzee, Gorilla, Orangutan – LTR12
Gibbon, Monkey – no LTR12

21. Axin gene - HESAS
Result of HESAS

22. Axin gene – axin LTR

24. By FACS

25. Enhancer and promoter activities

26. 6. Evolution of HERV9

27. Identified ERV9 Elements
Synapomorphic combination of
character states
i.e.
Diagnostic nucleotide substritutions

28. Ages of ERV9 Subfamilies

29. Phylogenetic relationships

31. Divergence

33. Future study ERV9 LTR ( LTR11, LTR12, LTR17, pTR5 ) 분석
U5 영역의 repeat sequence 분석
Human genome 전체에서 ERV9 LTR 삽입 상태 분석
Gene 과 연결된 ERV9 LTR 분석
Gene 과 연결된 상태에 따라 분석
ERV9 LTR의 Expression 분석