1. Resistive Plate Chambers for CMS and INO
Visit to CMS (June /July, 2005)
RPC’s in CMS context
O P E R A & I N O
RPC Assembly
Quality checks
Budget
Manpower
16th September Meeting
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

2. CMS
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

3. L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

4. calorimetres L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005
Overall weight : 12,500 t
Overall diameter : 15 m
Overall length : 22 m
Magnetic field : 4 Tesla
calorimetres
ECAL
PbWo4 scintillating crystals
HCAL
Plastic scintillator & Cu sandwich
iron yoke
PSD
Si detector
Tracker
Micro Strip Gas Chambers, MSGC
Si microstrips
Pixels
Magnet
Muon Barrel
Drift tubes, DT
Resistive Plate Chambers, RPC
Muon End Cap
Cathode strip Chambers, CSC
Resistive Plate Chambers, RPC
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

5. L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

6. Resistive Plate Chambers
Bakelite ~ 1011 – 1012 cm (melamine phenolic ion resin)
fast discharge; higher rate capability (~1 kHz / cm2)
Glass ~ easily available
slow discharge; suitable for low rates (~10 Hz / cm2)
Graphite ~ k / □
Time resolution ~ 100 ps to a few ns  trigger detector
Double and Multi gaps  improve timing and efficiency
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

7. Oscillation Project with Emulsion tRacking Apparatus
O P E R A
Oscillation Project with Emulsion tRacking Apparatus
Massive Pb Emulsion target for a long
baseline neutrino oscillation search
Total Target = 1.8 kT (m2 of 10-3 eV2)
Magnetic Field = 1.5 Tesla
Bakelite RPC (1512, 3.3 m2, 4600 m2)
Gas mix : Ar(48%)+C2H2F4(48%)+i-butane(4%)
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

8. India–based Neutrino Observatory
  
Cosmic neutrinos were discovered in KGF (India) in 1965
To study atmospheric neutrinos.
Establish neutrino oscillations (  ).
Reduce uncertainity in m2
ICAL = 50kT (~ Rs. 205 Cr.), 140 layers
Magnetic Field = Tesla
Glass RPC (27000, 4m2, m2)
Bakelite ?
URL :
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

9. REi/n i=1,2,3,4 & n=1,2,3 REi/1 Not sure if the RPC’s can handle the
count rates
for   1.6
REi/2
REi/3
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

10. Entry point for India : 2 × 72 = 144 + spares = 160
Barrel
End Cap
End Cap
-R4 -R3 -R2 -R R1 +R2 +R3 +R4
RPC’s
are
done
required in
China : 2 × 72 = spares =160
Pakistan : 2 × 2 × 72 = spares = 300
Entry point for India : 2 × 72 = spares = 160
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

11. Double gap  3 gaps in two layers
Top gap(s)
Read out Cu strips
Bottom gap
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

12. Process Flow for RE1/2,1/3 6 6 6 6 6 Bakelite Purchase Italy Cut Clean
Ship to Korea
Gaps
Built in Seoul QC
Ship to CERN
Shipped to CERN
Mechanics
Kit prep in China
Procurement
Cables and pieces
FEBs,
Adaptor / Distribution
Boards 6
Procure from Italy
Order from Pakistan
Ship to CERN 6
Chamber Assembly
ISR CERN 6
Construction
Database 6 QC 6
Production
Database
Storage
Commissioning
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

13. The tale of bakelite
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

14. Gap production in Korea
Oiling procedure successfully transferred to Korea K O D E L
Cut & cleaned bakelite sheets delivered Korea
Mass production 40 sets / month
Hot melt of PET film
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

15. Geometrical dimensions of the chamber
15 metres B Ri Ro Ro A D Ri C
Ro  small 
Ri  large 
Geometrical dimensions of the chamber
Station Ri Ro A B C D
Thickness
Z Position rpc
Z of cu-strips
RE1/2
2750
4644
1901
999
676
1894 30
6953 & 7235
6968 & 7250
RE1/3
5065
6820
1762
1380
1073
1755
7083 & 7140
Weight
(kg) 45 65
All dimensions in mm
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

16. Geometrical dimensions of the gaps
Station
Gas gaps Ri Ro A B C D
Thickness
RE1/2
RE1/2(a)
2768
4626
1865
860
535
1858
6.0
RE1/2(b)
2780
4056
1281
760
537
1276
RE1/2(c)
4066
4614
550
858
762
548
RE1/3
RE1/3(a)
5083
6802
1726
1240
940
1719
RE1/3(b)
5098
6387
1294
1168
943
1289
RE1/3(c)
6397
6787
391
1238
1170
390
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

17. Geometrical dimensions of the active area of the gaps
Station
Gas gaps Ri Ro A B C D
Active area (M2)
RE1/2
RE1/2(a)
2795
4599
1811
805
489
1804
1.170
RE1/2(b)
2807
4031
1229
705
491
1224
0.733
RE1/2(c)
4091
4587
498
803
716
496
0.378
RE1/3
RE1/3(a)
5110
6775
1671
1186
894
1665
1.736
RE1/3(b)
5125
6362
1242
1113
897
1237
1.245
RE1/3(c)
6422
6760
339
1183
1124
338
0.392
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

18. Geometrical dimensions of the read-out Cu strips
1/2（b）
1/3(b)
1/2（c）
1/3(c)
R I
2770
5085
3572
5635
4071
6402
R o
3567
5630
4066
6397
4624
6800
Height (D)
797.2
544.5
494.1
762.5
552.8
398
Large strip width (B)
17.5
28.7
20.2
32.9
23.2
35.1
Small strip width (C)
13.1
25.7
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

19. R1/2 Drawings : Chamber, 3 gaps, active areas and read out Cu strips
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

20. R1/3 Drawings : Chamber, 3 gaps, active areas and read out Cu strips
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

21. Gas system
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

22. Button spacers inside a gap
Gas leakage and spacer tests
Button spacers inside a gap
cut - opened
2 mm
10 mm
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

23. High Voltage tests
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

24. Pre-assembly of various components
3 days / person
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

25. Co-axial signal cable preparation
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

26. Honey comb panel modification
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

27. 40 pin flat cable preparation
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

28. FEB’s on the cooling system
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

29. L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

32. Cosmic tests and long term stability
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

33. Strip response L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005 65 to 96

34. Over all assembly of RPC
4.5 days / person
~ 1 week / person
One chamber
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

35. Detector Investment as RPC’s for RE4 in CMS (in Rs.)
1. Detector components :
a. Bakelite (10K)
b. HC panel (13K)
c. 3 Gaps (50K)
d. Mechanics (50K)……………..… K
2. Electronics :
a. FEB’s (31K)
b. Strip connectors (4K)
c. VLSI (3K)
d. HV connectors (3K)………......…… 41K
3. Services :
a. HV & LV system (38K)
b. Cooling system (7K)
c. Gas system (21K) ……… …….. 66K
4. Assembly & Installation : ……………………………...………… K
5. Monitoring : …………………………………………… ……….. 4K
6. Cables : ………………………………………………………… … 24K
7. Off detector electronics : ………………………….………….....……. 3K
One full assembled chamber on an average : ……………………………….. 275K  2.75 Lakhs
1.5 MCHF per end cap
RE4 for CMS (144 chambers + spares = 160) : ……………..…..… 44000K  44.0 MRs. ~ Rs. 4.5 Crores
Infrastructural Investment at home : ………………………………………………………….. ~ Rs. 1 Crore
Total ~ Rs. 5.5 Crores
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

36. Advantages for investment in RPC’s for CMS at CERN
Test run for INO (Rs. 500 Crore project)
(at CERN everything is stretched to its limit)
Reduces the gestation period for INO
Exposure to frontier detector physics and engineering
Trained manpower to handle INO
Spruning up the required industry at home
Management skills for a large scale facility
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

37. Alternatives Short term
Phase 1a Procure the gaps from Korea and electronics from INFN
Procure the rest of items from local market in India
Pre-tests, assembly, final testing and delivery for QA
Short term
A team of 7 persons (2 physicists, 2 engineers & 3 technitians)
can deliver 160 chambers over a time period of 12 months
Phase 1b Fabricate the gaps and electronics (time schedule ?)
Procure the rest of items from local market in India
Pre-tests, assembly, final testing and delivery for QA
Long term
A team of (x+y+z) persons (x physicists, y engineers &
z technitians) can deliver 160 chambers over a time period of 12 months
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

38. September Meeting at CERN
(14th, 15th and 16th Sept., 2005)
14th and 15th September
CMS-RPC Workshop for Completeness and Upgrades
To Review Manufacturing Progress
16th September
Discussions on new collaborations in RPC context for CMS
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005

39. Prof. Amitava Raichoudhury
Acknowledgements
Dr. V. C. Shani
Dr. S. Kailas
Dr. A. K. Mohanty
Prof. N. K. Mondal
B. S. Satyanarayana
Dr. Archana Sharma
Prof. Amitava Raichoudhury
L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC July 2005