1. AMIRAH MOHD DANIAL MUNIRAH MOHD RADZI NUR HIDAYAH ROFIEI SITI FAIRUS AGUSTI UMMU HANI ASMURAN ROSYANTI MADITIN NASIHAH MOHD ALIAS AMIRAH MOHD DANIAL MUNIRAH MOHD RADZI NUR HIDAYAH ROFIEI SITI FAIRUS AGUSTI UMMU HANI ASMURAN ROSYANTI MADITIN NASIHAH MOHD ALIAS

2. Process in which we tried to change our problem from a current state to a desired state.

3. Eureka steps Seven steps

4.  Include 4 steps 1. PREPARATION 2. INCUBATION 3. ILLUMINATION 4. VERIFICATION

6. 1. Define & Identity 2. Analyze the problems 3. Identifying possible solution 4. Evaluating possible solution 5. Implement 6. Evaluate the solution

7.  Sometimes both term can be interchangeable which means, literally both of them are meaning the same.  But, the management literature manage to differentiate both of term.

8.  Problem solving is a larger process while decision- making process is the subset of the problem solving process.  Problem solving starts with identification of a problem and ends with evaluation but decision making only refers to the process of identifying alternative solution.

9. PROBLEM SOLVING & DESIGN MAKING TOOLS SWOT ANALYSIS PARETO ANALYSIS MCKINSEY 7 -S PESTEL

11.  define the problem  Identify the decision criteria  Allocating weights to the criteria  Developing alternatives  Analyzing alternatives  Selecting alternatives  Implementing the alternative  Evaluating the effectiveness Of decision

12. Programmed decision Non programmed decision

13. POLICY PROCEDURE RULE

14.  1. certainty  2.Risk  3.Uncertainty

15. Dimension of decision-making styles Tolerance of ambiguity

16. directive conceptual analytic behavioral

17. 3 forms of innovation for economic  Institutional innovation  Technological innovation  Management innovation

18.  1.General-decision making model  2.Rational (logical) decision  3.Bounded rationality Model  4.Political Model of Decision Making  5.Intuitive decision making

19. First trap Anchoring trap Status-quo trap The sunk-cost trap Confirming-Evidence trap Framing trap InconsistencyBad decision PerceptionBiases

20. Availability Framing Hindsight

21. 1. what is important 2.Logical and consistent

22. 1. CLASSIC MODEL OF MANAGEMENT 2.BEHAVIORAL MODEL