2. Two Worlds Meet CHAPTER 1

3. Essential Question How did Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans contribute to the settlement and growth of South Carolina during its earliest days?

4. Colonial Beginnings LESSON 2

5. Exploration and Colonization What caused European countries To explore and colonize? Renaissance Desire for wealth Religious differences and persecution

6. Voyages of Columbus Christopher Columbus wanted to find a shorter sailing route to Asia. The king and queen of Spain agreed to fund his journey. o Columbus promised to o convert the people he met to the Catholic religion. Soon after Columbus’s voyages, other European leaders wanted to establish colonies in the New World.

7. New Spain Spain was the first European country to establish colonies in the New World. Spanish explorers and conquistadors claimed large areas of Central and South America, setting up encomiendas (large plantations). Disease and overwork decimated the native population. The Spanish brought African slaves to work the plantations and mines.

8. New Spain (cont.) The Spanish built cities and universities, and transferred a complex social system and form of government. Searching for gold, the Spanish extended their land into N. America (Florida, SC, and parts of the SW US).

9. Famous Spanish Explorers Spanish explorers established missions along the Pacific Coast. Francisco Gordillo was one of the first Europeans to explore South Carolina. Lucas Vásquez de Ayllón created the first Spanish settlement in South Carolina. –The settlement was called San Miguel de Gualdape, along the Waccamaw River near present-day Georgetown. Hernando de Soto, also explored parts of South Carolina while looking for gold.

10. New France The French sailed down the St. Lawrence River in search of the Northwest Passage & claimed the region for France. Settlements established at Montreal and Quebec. French traders established trade with the natives, yet they treated the natives poorly. Built settlements along the Mississippi River, named the land Louisiana, after King Louis XIV of France.

11. French Colony at Charlesfort Jean Ribault tried to build a settlement for the Huguenots (French Protestants) near present-day Beaufort. Named Charlesfort in honor of the king. Ribault returned to France to get more supplies; war in Europe prevented a swift return. Believing that Ribault would soon return, settlers did not plant crops, and eventually ran out of supplies. The remaining men killed their leader and built a boat to return home. On their way home, food supplies were exhausted and the men turned to cannibalism. They were eventually saved by a passing English ship.

12. English Settlements 1580s—The English became interested in America. They began claiming lands for the English king along the Atlantic Coast. Some of the colonists wanted to find wealth, while many others were fleeing religious persecution. English settlers brought their culture, including their language, Protestant religions, and ideas about self-government. Sir Walter Raleigh given land by Queen Elizabeth I to start a settlement.

13. Insert picture of the “Croatoan” tree John White discovers the only clue left by the colonists. England’s Lost Colony England tried to build its first colony off the coast of North Carolina on Roanoke Island. The first attempt was unsuccessful; settlers were rescued by Sir Francis Drake. The second attempt happened two years later and the settlers disappeared while their leader was away.

14. The Spanish Drive the French Out While Ribault was in Europe, the French built Fort Caroline, near present-day Jacksonville, Florida. Not long after, the Spanish built a fort about 50 miles south at St. Augustine. The two rivals planned to attack each other’s forts. Spanish forces defeated French forces and killed Ribault. For the time being, the Spanish had successfully put an end to the French threat on the southeastern coast.

15. Santa Elena Built near the site of Charlesfort, Santa Elena was a struggling Spanish settlement at first, but it eventually grew. Settlers relied on local natives for food because poor soil made farming difficult Despite their help, a Spanish leader ordered the execution of local Indian chiefs. A force of 500 natives attacked the settlement, forcing the Spanish to flee.

16. Santa Elena (cont.) When the French tried to return, the natives pushed them out too. The Spanish returned again and built a new, more successful settlement. The new Santa Elena was the capital of La Florida. Eventually, English privateers and explorers in the area forced Spain to abandon Santa Elena, opening the door for England to take South Carolina.

18. England’s Colonies LESSON 3

19. First Permanent English Settlement: Jamestown After the failure at Roanoke Island, English investors from a joint stock company (The London Company) formed the Virginia Company and founded Jamestown. Surrounded by water on three sides, the site appeared perfect for protection from the Spanish and Indians. Colonists struggled to survive during their first years at Jamestown.

20. Jamestown (cont.) Success finally came to Jamestown with the planting of a profitable cash crop … tobacco. The London Company initiated the headright system that provided land to anyone who paid their own passage. This promoted the establishment of large tobacco plantations. Plantation owners would pay the passage of others, thus created indentured servants.

21. New England Colonies Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island New England colonies were founded as a religious haven for religious groups persecuted in England. Shipbuilding, fishing, and textiles were big in New England.

22. Life in the region centered on towns, instead of plantations. Children were required to attend school. Schools were primarily created so children could learn how to read the Bible. New England colonists lived longer than colonists in other regions.

23. Pilgrims and the Mayflower Compact The Separatists (Pilgrims), received permission to move to the New World and create their own colony. Sailing on the ship Mayflower, they landed at Plymouth after signing the Mayflower Compact. The compact was an agreement among the settlers that they would create a government and obey its laws. This was the first form of self government in what is now the United States.

24. The Pilgrims Initially, the Pilgrims struggled to survive, but the local Native Americans helped them plant corn to survive. Pilgrims were English Protestants who believed that the Church of England had become to wealthy and corrupt. They separated themselves from the church and hoped to create a better one.

25. Puritans Settle New England Another group of reform-minded Protestants—the Puritans—established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1620s. The city of Boston became their center and a major port. Puritans were English Protestants who believed that the reforms of the Church of England didn’t go far enough. They wanted to purify the church from within. Massachusetts prospered, but the Puritans did not have much tolerance for other beliefs.

26. The Middle Colonies New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. The Middle Colonies had the greatest diversity of people, religions, and economic activities. The Dutch settled New Amsterdam (New York) and the Swedes settled Delaware.

27. The farms of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware provided food for the growing slave populations in the South and Caribbean. Known as the “breadbasket” of the colonies because of its fertile fields and good harbors. English Puritans also moved into the Middle Colonies.

28. Quaker Influence William Penn founded Pennsylvania and the Quakers. The Quakers believe in equality for all people, they renounced war and promoted religious tolerance which allowed all people to worship freely. They believed everyone had an inner light. They promoted good relations with Native Americans.

29. SC Beginnings as a Proprietary Colony A proprietary colony is a colony governed by a group of men rather than a single person. King Charles II granted the charter of Carolina to the Eight Lord Proprietors as a gift for helping him regain the throne. These eight men were only concerned about making money! They never even stepped foot in the colony To make a profit off their investment, the Proprietors charged the colonists quitrent

30. Southern Colonies Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Jamestown colonists created the first legislative assembly... the House of Burgesses. The headright system promoted the establishment of large tobacco plantations and bring new colonists to the region.

31. Plantation owners secured workers by paying for the passage of Indentured Servants. Slavery became the favored form of labor. South Carolina was the wealthiest colony by the American Revolution and one of the most diverse, while Georgia served as a buffer between the English and Spanish colonies.

32. House of Burgesses Virginia colonists created the House of Burgesses, which was the first legislative assembly in what would become the United States. This was created so the settlers would have a voice in government.

33. South Carolina: a Unique Colony SC was founded as a proprietary colony when King Charles II granted land to the Lords Proprietors in payment of a debt. Fundamental Constitutions of SC: religious tolerance, social class based on land. SC had large amounts of natural resources including fertile land, a mild climate, and many waterways.

34. Slavery in South Carolina By the time of the Revolutionary War, South Carolina was the wealthiest of all colonies. The idea of the slave system was brought over from Barbados. Slave population second only to Virginia.