1. The Beginning of English America By: me

2. England gets Involved Protestant Reformation ◦ Queen Elizabeth I (1558) Spain vs. England ◦ Ireland Sir Francis Drake Newfoundland and Roanoke The Spanish Armada (1588) ◦ England now had strong, unified state under a powerful monarch

3. Why Colonize? Growing population Sheep and economic depression Primogeniture ◦ Gilbert, Raleigh, and Drake Joint-Stock Companies ◦ Investors Unemployment, adventure, market and religious freedom

4. Jamestown 1607 Virginia Company ◦ Gold and passage to indies ◦ Charter- guaranteed English rights Captain John Smith ◦ No more gold, food only ◦ Pocahontas “starving time”- winter of 1609-1610 ◦ 400 settlers to only 60

5. Historic portrait of the real Pocahontas in London, age 21, dressed as the Christian lady she had become. She died within months. This portrait hangs in the National Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian, in Washington, D.C.. This painting is a later copy of an engraving made during her London visit of 1616. It flatters and Europeanizes her more than does the original engraving, which failed to capture her celebrated allure.

6. Jamestown 1625- 1200 survive from the 8000 who had come Powhatans ◦ Lord De la Warr- 1610 ◦ Three D’s: Disease, Disorganization, and Disposability

7. Indian’s “New World” Horses Disease Indian Bands uniting from lost culture ◦ Catwaba Firearms Natives farther inland had time and space ◦ Algonquin

8. Virginia John Rolfe and Tobacco- 1612 1619- first Africans sold 1619- House of Burgesses 1624- charter revoked, became royal colony

9. Maryland 1634- Lord Baltimore Catholic Haven Tobacco Act of Toleration (1649)

10. West Indies Spain getting lax Jamaica (1655) Sugarcane- rich man’s crop 1700 Slaves outnumbered English 4:1 Barbados Slave Code (1661) ◦ Carolinas

11. Carolinas English Civil War (1640-1649) ◦ Charles II (1660) ◦ “Restoration” Colonies Food for West Indies Indian Slaves- Savannah Tribe (1707) Rice!!! North Carolina (1712) ◦ Repelled by Virginia Tuscarora War (1711) Yamasee Indians (1715)

12. Georgia 1733- last of the colonies Buffer colony James Oglethorpe ◦ At first- no slaves- 1750 ◦ Debtors colony Least populous