1. Warm Up Africa 1.What is the importance of the Suez Canal? 2.What African country does Italy lose to? 3.Who explores Africa for 30 years? 4.What country took control and brutalized the Congo? 5.Who is the Zulu leader? 6.Legal segregation in South Africa is called what? 7.What is the purpose of the Berlin Conference? 8.Who was not invited to this conference? 9.2 countries that remain independent in Africa:

2. Warm Up Africa 1.descendants of the original Dutch settlers: 2.Leader of the Zulu: 3.Who was the leader of the Boer? 4.Legal racial segregation in South Africa:

3. Warm Up Decline of Qing Dynasty 1.England trades what with China which is illegal: 2.How do the Chinese try to stop the English? 3.2 things the Treaty of Nanjing does: 4.Europeans who are accused of crimes have the right to be tried in their own courts: 5.20 million people die during what rebellion: 6.areas where the imperial powers had exclusive trading rights: 7.Explain the Open Door Policy and why it does not work: 8.Who leads the 1911 Revolution?

4. RISE OF MODERN JAPAN

5. The Tokugawa shogunate had driven out all foreign traders and missionaries, isolating the nation from almost all contact with the outside world – Maintain relations with Korea and informal trading with the Dutch at Nagasaki – Foreign ships are driven away and shipwrecked sailors are caged The Western powers see Japanese isolation as a challenge – Want to open up Japan for trade

6. Opening of Japan The first to succeed is the United States 1853 an American fleet of four warships under the leadership of Commodore Matthew Perry arrives in Tokyo Bay – Sent by President Fillmore “to bring a singular and isolated people into the family of civilized nations” – Perry brings a letter from President Fillmore Asks for better treatment of sailors shipwrecked on the Japanese islands Wants to open foreign relations Perry returns a few months later with a larger fleet for Japan’s answer

8. – Shogunate officials were undecided, but the gun power of Commodore Perry’s ships finally decides the answer Japan agrees to sign the Treaty of Kanagawa under military pressure – Provides the return of shipwrecked sailors – Opens ports to Western traders and establishes a U.S. consulate in Japan – Also establishes extraterritoriality for Westerners in Japan Similar treaties signed with other European nations

9. Meiji Restoration The decision to open relations is highly unpopular and many Japanese found the treaties deeply humiliating – Angry over Westerners committing crimes and receiving mild to no punishments – Gave rise to Japanese nationalism Many Japanese people resented the way the shogun gave in to Western demands – They demand that the shogun resign Attack the shogun’s palace in 1868 – Ends the military control of the Japanese gov’t – Proclaim the authority of the emperor has been restored

10. Young emperor Mutsuhito takes back power of the gov’t in 1868, ending the shogunate system – He takes the name Emperor Meiji, which means “enlightened rule” – The emperor’s return to power is called the Meiji Restoration and his reign from 1868 to 1912 is called the Meiji period The emperor realizes that Japan must change to survive – Embarks on a policy of reform to turn Japan into a modern industrial nation

12. Meiji Reforms A group of Japanese officials made a two year journey, traveling to the U.S. and Europe – Wanted to learn about Western society, military practices, and economics Wanted to create a modern political system based on the Western model – Created a constitution in 1890 based on Imperial Germany – Have a two house parliament and a prime minister Supported rapid industrialization – Need to promote industry for Japan’s survival

13. – Gives subsidies to industries starting off Gov’t encourages the development of new industries by providing business people with money and privileges – Improves infrastructure – Achieves results with little foreign money Set up a postal service and established a national currency Required all children to attend school and allowed some students to study abroad

14. Need modern forces to compete with the Western powers – Compulsory military service – all men serve for three years – Gain modern weapons and hire American and European experts to train the new modernized army – Adopt Western military practices

16. Japan as an Imperial Power Copied the imperialist Western approach to foreign affairs – Japan lacks resources and is densely populated – no room for expansion – Colonies = wealth, need them to compete on the world stage Claim the Ryukyu Islands which had belonged to the Chinese Empire Japan’s navy forces the Koreans to open their ports to Japanese trade – The Koreans had pledged allegiance to China

17. War with China – the Sino-Japanese War (1894) – Go to war over rivalry over Korea – China is defeated in only a few months – Peace treaty – Japan gains Taiwan and China recognizes Korea’s independence – European powers gain respect for Japan and agree to end extraterritoriality in Japan Russo-Japanese War (1904) – War with Russia caused by competition over influence in Manchuria and Korea – Japanese forces move into Manchuria and defeat Russian troops there

18. – The Russian fleet sails for months to East Asia and almost the entire fleet is destroyed in battle with the Japanese – The peace treaty gives Japan the Liaodong Peninsula, two Manchurian ports, and control over Russian railway lines in southern Manchuria Also recognizes Korea as under Japanese influence – This victory stuns the world – a European nation just lost to a non-Western power Annexes Korea in 1910 Japan is now seen as a modern nation and a great power

19. CHINA JAPAN How trade est. Gov’t collapse Relations w/ U.S. Reform Resistance to Change Become more Modern Imperialized or Imperializer