2. Evolution o oo of D DD Democracy By: Chris Chapin and Matt Phillips

3. The Four Theories Of Governing Marxists- Associated with Karl Max, the Marxist theory believes that the government is merely a reflection of its underlying economic forces and all the classes are based on the peoples relationship to the economy. “Power Elite”- The “Power Elite” theory believes that nongovernmental elites make the major decisions. C. Wright Mills shows his beliefs in his book The Power Elite by stating that the most important policies are set by a three groups- cooperate leaders, top military officials, and political leaders. Government is dominated by a few top leaders is the basic argument.

4. Four Theories of Governing Bureaucracy- The bureaucrats criticized the Marxists theory because it had neglected the dominant social and political facts of modern times. All institutions have fallen under control of the bureaucracies who's expertise and specialization are essential to managing contemporary affairs. Pluralist- The pluralist view believes that there are so many factors that no single elite dominates, and that power between all those in office is divided enough so no single group could dominate the others.

5. Salutary Neglect British policy allowing the colonies to have self rule. By the end of the Seven Year’s War, the British began to assert more control over the colonies. The effect: the colonies became unhappy with British rule.

6. Declaration of Independence Declared the United States free of British rule and stated the inalienable rights of the people

7. Shay’s Rebellion Had a big impact on public opinion. The Rebellion helped push the delegates to have another meeting to revise the Articles or face the dissolving of the confederacy. Had a big impact on public opinion. The Rebellion helped push the delegates to have another meeting to revise the Articles or face the dissolving of the confederacy.

8. The Articles of Confederation TO ALL TO WHOM these Presents shall come, we the undersigned Delegates of the States affixed to our Names send greeting. Whereas the Delegates of the United States of America in Congress assembled did on the fifteenth day of November in the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy seven, and in the Second Year of the Independence of America agree to certain articles of Confederation and perpetual Union between the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia in the Words following, viz. "Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union between the states of New Hampshire, Massachusetts bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Opening Statement of the Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation was the first written law of the country; the states had more power over the federal government. Because of the weakness of the articles, a group of delegate met to amend the articles.

9. NYS Constitution Opening statement of the NYS Constitution: “ We The People of the State of New York, grateful to Almighty God for our Freedom, in order to secure its blessings, DO ESTABLISH THIS CONSTITUTION.” Opening statement of the NYS Constitution: “ We The People of the State of New York, grateful to Almighty God for our Freedom, in order to secure its blessings, DO ESTABLISH THIS CONSTITUTION.” The NYS Constitution, along with the other state constitutions helped to influence the frame of the Constituion

10. The Constitution World’s oldest living document; created new concepts never before thought of such as federalism and separation of powers.

11. The Federalist Papers Federalist Paper 10: –States why the Constitution is needed to prevent the Union from breaking apart Federalist Paper 51: –Explains the system of Checks and Balances between each branch

12. Bill of Rights The first 10 amendments to the Constitution Guarantees rights such as Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Religion, Freedom of the Press, and more Added in to help persuade the states to vote for the Constitution

13. Marbury v. Madison (1803) Importance of the court case: gave the supreme court the right to declare a law unconstitutional

14. The Elastic Clause Article 1, Section 8 Clause 18 of the Constitution; allows the government to do what is necessary and proper such as during the Civil War the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus.

15. The Amendments There has been only 27 Amendments since the Constitution has come into effect Amendments 1 through 10 make up the Bill of Rights

16. Civil War War between the North and South states Led to the end of slavery and established that it is illegal for the states to succeed from the Union Led to the ratification of the 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments

17. Executive Power AllowsAllows the President to take certain actions without the permission of Congress Example:Example: sending troops into any region of the world; however, because of the Vietnam War, this has been limited to 60 days and then Congress has to decide to stay or pull out

18. Judicial Activism This is when the court does some of the following:This is when the court does some of the following: Broadly interprets the constitution to protect the liberties of the peopleBroadly interprets the constitution to protect the liberties of the people Establishing a principle that’s not stated in the ConstitutionEstablishing a principle that’s not stated in the Constitution Overturn pieces of legislationsOverturn pieces of legislations Overturn other Supreme Court CasesOverturn other Supreme Court Cases

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