1. IE 366 Chapter 2 (2.4 – 2.6) Work Physiology, Anthropometry

2. IE 366 Metabolism ● Definition – Transformation: chemical energy work ● Units of Measurement – kilocalorie (kcal) – 1 kcal = 1000 cal = 1 Cal = heat required to raise 1 liter H 2 O from 15 °C to 16 °C

3. IE 366 Alternative Units ● Common rate units: kcal/min ● Text rate units: W ● 1 W ≈ 0.014 kcal/min ● 1 kcal/min ≈ 73 W ● Note: 1 W/kg x 70 kg x 0.014 ≈ 1kcal/min text typical slides units male units

4. IE 366 Metabolism (1) carbohydrates fats proteins glucose fatty acids amino acids pyruvic acid acetic acid deaminated AAs glycolysis oxidation deamination digestion

5. IE 366 Metabolism (2) carbohydrates fats proteins glucose fatty acids amino acids pyruvic acid acetic acid deaminated AAs glycolysis oxidation deamination digestion CO 2 H2OH2O energy

6. IE 366 Metabolism (3) carbohydrates fats proteins glucose fatty acids amino acids pyruvic acid acetic acid deaminated AAs glycolysis oxidation deamination digestion CO 2 H2OH2O energy adenosine triphosphate adenosine diphosphate + PO 4 creatine + PO 4 creatine phosphate

7. IE 366 Metabolism - Components Total Metabolism = Basal Metabolism (life support) + Activity Metabolism (work, leisure)

8. IE 366 Basal Metabolism, Resting Metabolism ● Male ( 70 kg ) – 1700 kcal/day  kcal/min ● Female ( 60 kg ) – 1400 kcal/day  1.0 kcal/min ● Factors: – Sex – Size – Age ● Resting metabolism ~10% - 15% higher

9. IE 366 Metabolism ● Response to Exercise ● Factors Affecting Energy Expenditure ● Measurement

10. IE 366 Energy Cost of Work (Activity Standards)

11. IE 366 Grades of Physical Work (Activity Standards)

12. IE 366 Recommended Limits ● Energy Expenditure (kcal/min, average) 8-hour shift4-hour shift Male< 5.00< 6.25 Female< 3.35< 4.20 ● Heart Rate (beats/min, average) Arm work< 99 Leg work< 112

13. IE 366 Rest Requirements R = rest time T = total working time K = work metabolic rate S = standard metabolic rate

14. IE 366 Rest Requirements: Example 1 T = 60 min K = 6 kcal/min S = 4 kcal/min

15. IE 366 Rest Requirements: Example 2 T = 60 min K = 10 kcal/min S = 4 kcal/min

16. IE 366 Chapter 2 (2.8 – 2.9) Anthropometry

17. IE 366 Worker Stature (1)

18. IE 366 Worker Stature (2)

19. IE 366 Worker Stature (3)

20. IE 366 Worker Stature (4)

21. IE 366

22. Human Dimensions (1)

23. IE 366 Human Dimensions (2)

24. IE 366 Human Dimensions (3)

25. IE 366 Human Dimensions (4)

26. IE 366 Anthropometric Data

27. IE 366 Other Static Dimensions ● Chest Depth ● Head Length ● Interpupillary Distance ● Eye Height ● Hand Thickness ● Hand Length ● Foot Breadth

28. IE 366 Dynamic Dimensions: Types of Movement ● Flexion - Bending ● Extension - Extending, straightening ● Adduction - Movement toward midline ● Abduction - Movement away from midline ● Lateral rotation - Rotation outward ● Medial rotation - Rotation inward ● Pronation - Rotation downward ● Supination - Rotation upward

29. IE 366 Wrist/Hand Motions ● Flexion/extension

30. IE 366 Wrist/Hand Motions ● Radial deviation/ulnar deviation Toward the thumb Toward the little finger

31. IE 366 Wrist/Hand Motions ● Pronation/supination Palm downwardPalm upward

32. IE 366 Right Hand Grasping Reach Envelope (1)

33. IE 366 Right Hand Grasping Reach Envelope (2)

34. IE 366 Grasping Reach

35. IE 366 Other Dynamic Dimensions ● Prone length, height ● Squatting height ● Overhead reach ● Thumb-tip reach ● Standing forward reach ● Standing lateral reach

36. IE 366 Right Hand Static Force

37. IE 366 Hand Force

38. IE 366 Other Muscle Power Data ● Prone position data ● Thumb / finger ● Leg, foot ● etc

39. IE 366 Use of Anthropometric Data ● Determine relevant dimension / parameter ● Define user population ● Select range of users to be accommodated ● Extract data from appropriate source ● Apply correction factors ● Apply dimension to design

40. IE 366 Design for Clearance/Accommodation Design for the Large Person

41. IE 366 Design for Reach / Accessibility Design for the Small Person

42. IE 366 Design for Adjustability Design for Everyone

43. IE 366 Other Design Design for the Average Person

44. IE 366 Design Principles ● Design for the large person (clearance/accommodation) ● Design for the small person (reach/accessibility) ● Design for the average person ● Design for adjustability