1. Peace leads to… Another War Peace Agreements Fail Hitler in Germany Mussolini in Italy Stalin in the Soviet Union Militarists in Japan

2. Effects of the Treaty of Versailles  Germany cannot re-arm itself in large capacity  Germany must re-pay war debts to all countries  By 1937 Germany was as strong as at the beginning of WWI  After payments stopped, many countries fell into economic depression

3. More Effects of Versailles…  Germany was humiliated by the big four after WWI  Russia was kept out of the treaty negotiations and consequently lost more land than Germany  Germany wanted desperately to regain its political clout  Russia now the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republic) was determined to regain territory

4. League of Nations  Created by the Treaty of Versailles  Most notable problem was that the U.S. did not join  Unwilling to go to great lengths to enforce anything

5. League of Nations Lacks Strength  With no standing armed forces, the league stood little chance to prosper  If the Great Powers of Europe did not provide military support, then there was nothing to enforce any ruling  What would Teddy Roosevelt think?

6. League of Nations  Unfortunately, the League was also useless for fixing economic issues  With the Great Depression in the U.S. and Europe in shambles from WWI, the league dissolved quickly and was gone by the time WWII actually began

7. Munich Agreement  In an effort to not fight another war, leaders from France and Great Britain met with German leader Adolf Hitler  The goal was to come up with a solution that would keep all of the countries out of war

8. Munich Agreement  After Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany he took diplomatic steps to secure his future:  1 st he formed an alliance with Austria  2 nd he would step up his efforts to combine all Germany speaking peoples  This led him to the Sudetenland, this was the mountain region in northern Czechoslovakia  With Adolf’s success in this area the European leaders knew that something needed to be done

9. Munich Agreement  European Powers had no choice but to concede to Hitler’s demands, as their countries could not handle another war  Political Impact: Hitler cemented his belief that if simple diplomatic actions were so beneficial for Germany, he could really get something done when he could back up his diplomacy with military might.

10. Hitler and Germany  Adolf Hitler was a jobless and homeless soldier following WWI  He joined a struggling political organization called the National Socialist German Worker Party  Better known as the Nazi Party

11. Hitler and Germany  Using his powerful public speaking he quickly became the party’s leader  He dubbed himself Der Fuhrer or “the leader”  His promise was to bring Germany out of chaos

12. Hitler and Germany  Hitler wrote a 2 volume book titled Mien Kampf or “My Struggle”  This book outlined the plan of action for the Nazi Party  This called for Nazism, or extreme nationalism, he wanted to re-unite all German speaking people

13. Hitler and Germany  Hitler outlined 2 other goals in his book  The 1 st was the concept of racial purification  He called for “Aryans”, a blond haired and blue- eyed “Master Race”  Hitler believed that any non-Aryans should only serve the master race

14. Hitler and Germany  Hitler also outlined the lebensraum or “living space” that German needed  Hitler maintain that Germany would do what was necessary to obtain that space, if it meant they had to fight they would

15. Hitler and Germany  The Global Depression that followed WWI was a gift to Hitler  With over 6 million Germans out of work and starving, it was easier to convince people to believe in his radical ideas

16. Hitler and Germany  In the early 1930’s Hitler was elected and appointed Chancellor  He quickly dissolved the Democratic Weimar Republic and installed the Third Reich or Third German Empire, Hitler called it an empire that would last at least a thousand years

17. Totalitarianism in Soviet Union  Communist revolution in Russia led them to exit WWI  The Bolsheviks dethroned the existing Czar and installed Vladimir Lenin as the new leader

18. Stalin and Totalitarianism  Russia officially became known as the Soviet Union in 1922 (took in several neighboring countries)  1924: Lenin died; replaced by Joseph Stalin  Name “Stalin” translates to “man of steel”. He took control and never looked back.

19. Stalin and Totalitarianism  Stalin’s goal was to make significant growth in the agricultural and industrial sections of the country  This concept was “the model communist state” Private ownership was abolished, replaced by collectives which employed hundreds of workers

20. Stalin and Totalitarianism  By 1937, thirteen years after he took over, Stalin transformed the Soviet Union into the worlds’ 2 nd largest industrial power  To do this Stalin had to rid the country of anyone who opposed his ideas; This resulted in the murder of eight to thirteen million citizens

21. Stalin and Totalitarianism  Totalitarianism:  Stalin’s transformation was complete, the government had taken control of everything, individuals had no rights, and the government suppressed (killed) all opposition

22. Mussolini and Fascism  Benito Served in Italian army during WWI; felt Italy got screwed by T.O.V.; An Extreme Nationalist  Militaristic expansionist; Persuasive Speaker- formed Facist Party as means to protect from spread of Communism. Used terror (blackshirts) to crush all opposition and maintain totalitarian control.

23. Mussolini and Fascism  Mussolini’s anti-communist views were key to his rule  He believed in private ownership organized by and subjected to strong government controls  Italy became a totalitarian state through economic efficiency. Much like Adolf and Joe, Benito crushed and/or killed opposition

24. Militarists in Imperial Japan  Political change wasn’t limited to Europe. After WWI, Japan also changed its philosophy and self-image.  Tired of being considered a less significant, weaker little brother to China, Japan decided to take on more aggressive policy to display its military might and create an empire in the Pacific.

25. Japanese Aggression  Militarists in Japan led an attack attacking Manchuria (NE China)  They took over control of a resource rich area the size of Alaska; Key moment in the long-term developments leading to WWII.  The successful mission convinced Japanese that aggressive military leadership would make them a strong, imperialist country.