1. A Brief History of (CPU) Time -or- Ten Years of Multitude David P. Anderson Spaces Sciences Lab University of California, Berkeley 2 Sept 2010

2. About me ● Computer scientist at U.C. Berkeley ● Platform builder for ● volunteer computing ● distributed thinking (or whatever we want to call it) ● online teaching for citizen science

3. Computational science ● Simulation of physical reality ● proteins, ecosystem, Earth, galaxy, universe ● Analyzing data from new instruments ● LHC, LIGO, SKA, gene sequencers ● Shortage of computing power ● Need high throughput, not low latency

4. The Consumer Digital Infrastructure ● 1.5 billion PCs ● Graphics Processing Units: 100X CPU speed ● Terabyte-scale storage ● Network speed approaching 1 Gbps ● Ideal for scientific computing!

5. Consumer versus Institutional computing resources ● Capacity ● Institutional: ExaFLOPS supercomputer in 5 years? ● Consumer: ~1000 ExaFLOPS today ● Cost ● Institutional: ~$200M/year from funding agencies ● Consumer: ~$1 trillion/year from public, self- replenishing, self-maintaining, self-powering

6. Volunteer computing and BOINC volunteers projects CPDN LHC@home WCG attachments

7. The Utopian ideal Better research gets more computing power An enlightened public decides what’s better Scientific research The public resources education/outreach

8. Volunteer computing status ● ~30 projects ● 300,000 volunteers ● 530,000 computers ● 3 PetaFLOPS

9. Volunteership ● Recruitment is a marketing exercise ● Volunteers can do more than compute ● There are bad apples

10. Motivation study (Oded Nov, NYU) Nov, Arazy & Anderson. Scientists@home: citizen cybersciene motivational infrastructure

11. Stardust@home ● Calibration tasks ● Replication

12. Bossa ● Middleware for distributed thinking ● Provides scheduling mechanisms (e.g., calibration jobs, replication) ● Open system WRT assessment, scheduling policies

13. Bossa Nova

14. Education and citizen science ● Importance ● Heterogeneity ● makes teaching difficult ● Dynamic student population ● makes experimentation easier ● Bolt: a system for experimental and adaptive education lesson A lesson B assessment

15. Conclusion More info: http://boinc.berkeley.edu http://bossa.berkeley.edu http://bolt.berkeley.edu Contact me: davea@ssl.berkeley.edu