1. Alogliptin after Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes William B. White, M.D., Christopher P. Cannon, M.D., Simon R. Heller, M.D., Steven E. Nissen, M.D., Richard M. Bergenstal, M.D., George L. Bakris, M.D., Alfonso T. Perez, M.D., Penny R. Fleck, M.B.A., Cyrus R. Mehta, Ph.D., Stuart Kupfer, M.D., Craig Wilson, Ph.D., William C. Cushman, M.D., and Faiez Zannad, M.D., Ph.D., for the EXAMINE Investigators* The New England Journal of Medicine September 18, 2013 R2 정다운 / Prof. 오승준

2. Introduction 2  To assess potentially elevated cardiovascular risk related to new antihyperglycemic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes  require an evaluation of the cardiovascular safety profile  Alogliptin is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) by preventing the rapid degradation of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), reducing blood glucose levels  We assessed cardiovascular outcomes with alogliptin as compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes who had had a recent acute coronary syndrome

3. Methods  Study design & patients 5380 patients from 898 centers in 49 countries from October 2009 through March 2013 The EXAMINE trial : multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial Eligible for enrollment : type 2 diabetes mellitus, receiving antidiabetic therapy (other than a DPP-4 inhibitor or GLP-1 analogue), an acute coronary syndrome within 15 to 90 days before randomization Further criteria : Glycated hemoglobin level of 6.5 to 11.0% at screening, if the antidiabetic regimen Included insulin, a glycated hemoglobin level of 7.0 to 11.0% Acute coronary syndromes included acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina requiring hospitalization 3

4. 4 Exclusion criteria:  diagnosis of type 1 diabetes  unstable cardiac disorders (NYHA Class IV heart Failure, refractory angina, uncontrolled arrhythmias, critical valvular heart disease, or severe uncontrolled hypertension )  dialysis within 14 days before screening  Study drugs and procedures the doses of alogliptin (and matching placebo) were modified according to Kidney function at the time of randomization  With an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), with the use of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula  GFR > 60ml/min/1.73m 2 of BSA : 25 mg alogliptin  30 < GFR < 60ml/min/1.73m 2 of BSA : 12.5mg  30 ml/min/1.73m 2 of BSA > GFR : 6.25 mg

5. 5  End point Primary end point : a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke Secondary safety end point: primary composite end point with the addition of urgent revascularization due to unstable angina within 24 hours after hospital admission  Statistical analysis Cox proportional-hazards models

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14. Conclusion 14  Among patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent acute coronary syndrome, treatment with alogliptin (selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 )in rates of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke  similar to those with placebo  These data can be used to help guide clinicians in choosing among the many available antidiabetic agents when treating patients with type 2 diabetes and very high cardiovascular risk