1. Chapter 2 Changes in American Society Influences on Today’s Schools

2. Chapter Objectives –Change in families that pose challenges to our students –Changes in economic conditions that can influence learning and teaching –Changes in student characteristics that impact students readiness to learn –Ways that schools respond to challenges facing our students

3. Changes in the Student Population Child abuse Teenage Sexuality Families Changes in the Student Population Alcohol and other drug use School violence Reform ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 2 nd Edition Kauchak and Eggen

4. Changes in American Families Traditional family—husband as primary breadwinner, stay-at-home mother, and 2 children— –makes up only 1 of 20 of U.S. families. –2/3 (66%) of families composed of married couples. –70% ( 7 out of 10) women..with children..work. –34% of children live with single parent or some other caregiver. (1of 4 = mother; 5% dad; & 4% neither)

5. Research indicates changes Many parents are spending up to 40 percent less time with their children than parents a generation ago. Many parents are uncertain about how to help their children with schoolwork.

6. Teachers can use words such as, “Would you please introduce the adult with you, or parents, or caregivers.” Being flexible with meeting times for parent-teacher conferences. –Multiple conferences How can teachers accommodate working or single parents?

7. Define Poverty: –Poverty is most common in families headed by single mothers. –Poverty is more prevalent among minorities than non-minorities.

8. Problems Concerning Latchkey Children –concerns about children’s safety –supervision, –excessive time spent watching television, and –lack of help with homework.

9. Alcohol &Drugs in High School 25% have taken prescription drugs 4 of 10 reported alcohol use, 25% reported binge drinking 2 of 5 students experimented with marijuana or hashish. reported smoking cigarettes: (1 of 5: 2010) – 50% of seniors, –39% of 10th-graders, and –26% of 8th-graders »DARE Program

10. Sexual Harassment in U.S. Schools 2010-11 In the survey: (7 th -12 th ) ½ student reported sexual harassment that year. Girls: 56% affects sleep, stomachaches, absent –Unwelcome –Called gay or lesbian –Sexual pictures –Touched –In person –Online

11. Student Sexuality U.S. teenagers birth rates are still the highest rate of pregnancy and births in the Western industrialized worlds, although the rates have decreased. ½ of teens are sexually active by the end of high school 1 in 10 had sex before ages 13 1 in 10 (tenth graders) had four or more sex partners

12. Homosexuality Alcohol and Other Drugs Gay and lesbian students commonly face rejection, which leads to: alienation and depression drug use youth suicides Alcohol and drug use are often associated with other risk factors: poverty, low SES, family instability, academic low, achievement low & truancy.

13. Crime and Violence Parents, taxpayers, and educators rate school safety the highest on a list of concerns about school quality. Students concerns about safety and violence are highest at the middle school and decline as students get older. –Columbine 1999 –-Red Lake Minnesota 2005

15. Suicide Third leading cause of teen death (after accidents and homicide) 500,000 youths each year attempt suicide, and between 2,000 and 5,000 succeed –Related to Family conflicts-Divorce Drug use Peer harassment Failed peer relationships Teachers are often in the best position to notice danger signs

16. Bullying- Cyberbullying More common than many adults realize –75% of 8- to 11-year-olds and –85% of 12- to 15-year-olds reported bullying in their schools. Often occurs in places in schools outside the classroom Often ignored by teachers http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=cyber+bullying&mid=1ABF1FE01080A679B83C1 ABF1FE01080A679B83C&view=detail&FORM=VIRE3 One of many on this sitehttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=cyber+bullying&mid=1ABF1FE01080A679B83C1 ABF1FE01080A679B83C&view=detail&FORM=VIRE3

17. Dropout Rates Higher Ethnicity: (1) Native American; (2) Black, (3) Hispanic, (4) White, & (5) Asian Gender: Male Graduation: Males lower rates than females 1/3 who enter 9 th grade won’t increases for cultural minorities

18. Boundaries Principle II: A professional educator maintains a professional relationship with all students, both inside and outside the classroom. Principle III: A professional educator refrains from the abuse of alcohol or drugs during the course of professional practice. Code of Ethics for Idaho Professional Educators (Full Manual) NEW 2009Code of Ethics for Idaho Professional Educators

19. Zero-Tolerance Policies Zero-tolerance programs that punish offenses: –school disruptions, –Gun Free Schools Act 1994 –drugs, and weapons, –with automatic suspensions are becoming increasingly popular across the nation. –Minor Trangressions DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) GREAT (Gang Resistance Education Training)

20. Characteristics of Different Socioeconomic Classes

21. Correlation SES/School Success “The relationship between test scores and SES is one of the most widely replicated findings in the social sciences.” Five factors which influence scores: –Basic needs not net: physical/safety. –Family stability/Parents level of education –Educational activities outside of school –Interaction patterns in the home (if any). –Parental attitudes and values about school.

22. High-SES Implications: –Parents are more likely than low- SES parents to provide their children with educational activities outside school. –High-SES parents talk more with their children, explain ideas and the causes of events, encourage independent thinking, and emphasize individual responsibility.

23. Low-SES Implications: Parents are more likely to “tell” rather than explain and to emphasize conformity and obedience instead of individual responsibility or initiative. –Their language is less elaborate, –Their directions are less clear, and –They are less likely to encourage problem solving.

24. Long Beach Experiment After the uniform policy was implemented: –school crime dropped greatly –assaults declined greatly –weapons offenses dropped greatly and –attendance figures rose.

26. At-Risk Characteristics of Students Placed At-Risk High suspension rates Lack of interest in school Low standardized-test scores High criminal-activity rates Low self-esteem Misbehavior in classes Environments with alcohol and Drugs High rate of drug use Poor attendanceDivorced families Low motivationNon-native English speaker Low participation in extracurricular activities****Minority Low achievementTransient Retention in same gradeNeighborhood Low gradesInner city High dropout rates****Low SES Educational ProblemsBackground Factors ***Low scores

27. Those students who have been able to rise above difficult conditions to succeed in school and other aspects of life. –First, resilient children have relationships with caring adults who hold high moral and academic expectations for them. –Second, schools that are both demanding and supportive. –http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=resilience+youtube&mid= 865DA003CFA764E62BB6865DA003CFA764E62BB6&view=det ail&FORM=VIRE1http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=resilience+youtube&mid= 865DA003CFA764E62BB6865DA003CFA764E62BB6&view=det ail&FORM=VIRE1 Promoting Resilience

28. Effective Teachers for At -Risk –A safe, orderly school climate. –Academic objective focusing on Mastery, –Cooperation and sense of community, –Student responsibility and self regulation, –Strong parental involvement, –Caring and demanding teachers.

29. Effective Instruction : A)High classroom structure with predictable routines B)Clear learning objectives C)High level of interaction D) Frequent and thorough assessment E)Frequent creative & descriptive feedback E)Emphasis on student responsibility

30. 9:10 am Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 12:13 pm Sun 12-Nov Duration: 3hr 3mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $341 Roundtrip avg/person ($1364 total) $341 Roundtrip avg/person ($1364 total) Delta 4077 / 3735 Connect in Salt Lake City (SLC) 10:30 am Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 3:55 pm Sun 12-Nov Duration: 5hr 25mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $343 Roundtrip avg/person ($1374 total) $343 Roundtrip avg/person ($1374 total) Delta 3941 / 3734 Connect in Salt Lake City (SLC) 12:55 pm Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 3:55 pm Sun 12-Nov Duration: 3hr 0mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $373 Roundtrip avg/person ($1494 total) $373 Roundtrip avg/person ($1494 total) Delta 665 / 3734 Connect in Salt Lake City (SLC) 11:25 am Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 3:55 pm Sun 12-Nov Duration: 4hr 30mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $378 Roundtrip avg/person ($1514 total) $378 Roundtrip avg/person ($1514 total) Frontier Airlines 571 Delta 3734 Connect in Salt Lake City (SLC) 7:06 pm Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 9:55 pm Sun 12-Nov Duration: 2hr 49mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $394 Roundtrip avg/person ($1578 total) $394 Roundtrip avg/person ($1578 total) Delta 1659 / 3738 Connect in Salt Lake City (SLC) 8:50 am Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 12:13 pm Sun 12-Nov Duration: 3hr 23mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $403 Roundtrip avg/person ($1614 total) $403 Roundtrip avg/person ($1614 total) United 1245 Delta 3735 Connect in Salt Lake City (SLC) 3:05 pm Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 6:29 pm Sun 12-Nov Duration: 3hr 24mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $424 Roundtrip avg/person ($1698 total) $424 Roundtrip avg/person ($1698 total) Delta 3857 / 3737 Connect in Salt Lake City (SLC) 12:55 pm Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 6:29 pm Sun 12-Nov Duration: 5hr 34mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $424 Roundtrip avg/person ($1698 total) $424 Roundtrip avg/person ($1698 total) Delta 665 / 3737 Connect in Salt Lake City (SLC) 6:30 pm Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 9:55 pm Sun 12-Nov Duration: 3hr 25mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $429 Roundtrip avg/person ($1718 total) $429 Roundtrip avg/person ($1718 total) Frontier Airlines 577 Delta 3738 Connect in Salt Lake City (SLC) 2:40 pm Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 6:29 pm Sun 12-Nov Duration: 3hr 49mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $429 Roundtrip avg/person ($1718 total) $429 Roundtrip avg/person ($1718 total) Frontier Airlines 575 Delta 3737 Connect in Salt Lake City (SLC) 9:24 pm Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 9:14 am +1 day 1 day Sun 12-Nov Duration: 11hr 50mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $430 Roundtrip avg/person ($1721 total) $430 Roundtrip avg/person ($1721 total) America West 98 / 2984 Delta 3736 Connect in Las Vegas (McCarran Intl.), Salt Lake City (SLC) 5:17 pm Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 9:55 pm Sun 12-Nov Duration: 4hr 38mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return United 6683 Delta 3738 Connect in Salt Lake City (SLC) 9:24 pm Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 9:14 am +1 day 1 day Sun 12-Nov Duration: 11hr 50mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $458 Roundtrip avg/person ($1833 total) $458 Roundtrip avg/person ($1833 total) US Airways 98 America West 2984 Delta 3736 Connect in Las Vegas (McCarran Intl.), Salt Lake City (SLC) 7:30 pm Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 9:14 am +1 day 1 day Sun 12-Nov Duration: 13hr 44mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $458 Roundtrip avg/person ($1833 total) $458 Roundtrip avg/person ($1833 total) Frontier Airlines 781 America West 2984 Delta 3736 Connect in Las Vegas (McCarran Intl.), Salt Lake City (SLC) 10:10 pm Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 9:14 am +1 day 1 day Sun 12-Nov Duration: 11hr 4mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $460 Roundtrip avg/person ($1841 total) $460 Roundtrip avg/person ($1841 total) Frontier Airlines 789 US Airways 2984 Delta 3736 Connect in Las Vegas (McCarran Intl.), Salt Lake City (SLC) 9:24 pm Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 9:14 am +1 day 1 day Sun 12-Nov Duration: 11hr 50mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $460 Roundtrip avg/person ($1841 total) $460 Roundtrip avg/person ($1841 total) America West 98 US Airways 2984 Delta 3736 Connect in Las Vegas (McCarran Intl.), Salt Lake City (SLC) 9:24 pm Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 9:14 am +1 day 1 day Sun 12-Nov Duration: 11hr 50mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $460 Roundtrip avg/person ($1841 total) $460 Roundtrip avg/person ($1841 total) US Airways 98 / 2984 Delta 3736 Connect in Las Vegas (McCarran Intl.), Salt Lake City (SLC) 7:30 pm Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 9:14 am +1 day 1 day Sun 12-Nov Duration: 13hr 44mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $460 Roundtrip avg/person ($1841 total) $460 Roundtrip avg/person ($1841 total) Frontier Airlines 781 US Airways 2984 Delta 3736 Connect in Las Vegas (McCarran Intl.), Salt Lake City (SLC) 4:22 pm Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 9:55 pm Sun 12-Nov Duration: 5hr 33mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $484 Roundtrip avg/person ($1938 total) $484 Roundtrip avg/person ($1938 total) United 6671 Delta 3738 Connect in Salt Lake City (SLC) 8:30 pm Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 9:14 am +1 day 1 day Sun 12-Nov Duration: 12hr 44mn Preview seat availability C hoose this return $510 Roundtrip avg/person ($2041 total) $510 Roundtrip avg/person ($2041 total) Ted 1583 America West 2984 Delta 3736 Connect in Las Vegas (McCarran Intl.), Salt Lake City (SLC) 8:30 pm Depart Denver (DEN) Arrive Twin Falls (TWF) 9:14 am +1 day 1 day Sun 12-Nov Duration: 12hr 44mn $512 Roundtrip avg/person ($2049 total) $512 Roundtrip avg/person ($2049 total) Ted 1583 US Airways 2984 Delta 3736 Connect in Las Vegas (McCarran Intl.), Salt Lake City (SLC) Discover your learning style by observing where your eyes go when you are asked a question.

31. How might low Social Economic Status (SES) effect the way you teach? Students write answers to inner box question w/in groups and then passes to another group who answers/or asks new questions in the next layer. Pass back to original group.

32. What skills do professional teachers need to be successful in the classroom?

33. BOX CHART Within small groups explore topic: “What skill does a professional educator need to be successful in the classroom? Every fourth person starts the group, going across. Draw three squares, one inside the other. Pass to the table behind you; one more time. Pass back to original group. (Not for students on-line)