1. CARBO AFRICA Prof. Riccardo Valentini University of Tuscia, Italy “Quantification understanding and prediction of C-cycle and other GHGs in Sub-Saharan Africa” CO 2 NPP Litter Wood NEP Harvest Soil C flux Organic layer Mineral soil Mineralisation CarboEurope – IP, Poznan 2007

2. CARBOAFRICA European Commission, 6th Framework Programme Priority 1.1.6.3: Global Change and Ecosystems STREP (Specific Targeted Research Project) Proposal no. 037132 Duration: 3 years (01/10/06 – 30/09/09) Funds: 2.8 M€ Coordinator: University of Tuscia (Italy) Participant: currently 15 Institutions (11 European, 3 African, + FAO) soon CESBIO will join the consortium

3. CARBOAFRICA Partnership +

4. CARBON EMISSION Africa's carbon dioxide emissions from use of fossil fuels are low in relation to the rest of the world, however total Africa’s emissions having risen to 839 million metric tonnes of CO2 in 2001 (8 times the level in 1950). Few African nations account for the bulk of the region's fossil fuels emissions: 35 % Algeria, Egypt and Nigeria (combined) 42 % South Africa South Africa was responsible for about 1.2% of the total global warming effect in 1990, which placed it within the top ten contributing countries in the world.

5. SUBSAHARIAN AFRICA Senegal Cape Verde Gambia Guinea Bissau Guinea Cote D'Ivore Burkina Faso Ghana Togo Benin Nigeria Cameroun Uganda Democratic Republic of Congo Gabon Congo Rwanda Burundi Tanzania Madagascar Sao Tomè and Principe Malawi Mozambique Comores Seychelles Mauritius Namibia Botswana Zimbabue Swaziland Leshoto Sierra Leone Liberia Central African Republic Somalia Kenya Angola Zambia ۩NC1 not available yet

7. CARBOAFRICA Specific Objectives 1. Consolidate and expand terrestrial carbon and other GHG fluxes monitoring network of Sub-Saharan Africa 2. Provide an analysis of the requirements in order to establish a terrestrial GHG monitoring system for Sub-Saharan Africa 3. Understand quantify and predict the GHG budget of Sub- Saharan Africa and its associated spatial and temporal variability 4. Assess the current land use change and evaluate the potential for carbon sequestration in Sub-Saharan Africa in the context - inter alia - of the Kyoto Protocol

8. CARBOAFRICA Eddy covariance sites already available in Africa Eddy covariance sites that will be established by CARBOAFRICA stations for atmospheric measurements Flux network: 18 stations, of which 2 new (including the 1 st in an African tropical forest, in Ghana) 2 Atmospheric stations + Airborne campaigns (CARE experiment)

9. CARBOAFRICA modelling meeting 12-13/4/2007WP3 – Model-data integration Sky Arrow ERA Attitude GPS Net Radiation PAR Radiation Surface T Dew Point T Videocamera Pressure Sphere T Fast Response T Low Response Novatel GPS IRGA GPS Electronics Switch BOX

10. 10 African Carbon Cycle Meeting, Kruger- South Africa (Aug 2007) Geostationary Fire Radiative Power Observations Angola 1999 BAE Kruger 2002 Angola 1999 BAE

11. 11 African Carbon Cycle Meeting, Kruger- South Africa (Aug 2007) Estimated Total Fuel Consumed = 345 – 451 Tg Est. Combustion rate peaks at ~ 150 tonnes/sec SEVIRI-Determined Southern African Dry Season Fuel Consumption (July-Oct)

12. 12 African Carbon Cycle Meeting, Kruger- South Africa (Aug 2007) Aerial Optical Video Aerial Thermal Video FRP Validation Fire Experiments (4 x 7ha Burns) Tracks fire rate of spread, heat release and approximate plume characteristics through the burn UV DOAS System DOAS: Used to Measure SO2 flux from obs. of skylight UV radiation. FTIR & IR Lamp: Used to determine gas ratio’s of SO2 to C containing gases (CO2, CO etc). FTIR & IR Lamp System Ground Video

13. Naik et al., 2007 High sensitivity to changes in burning: small reduction (10%) of results in cooling; large regional variation, with the most pronounced effect in Africa. Do fire matter in the climate system? -0.8 Wm -2 -0.6 Wm -2 Regions % change

14. CARBOAFRICA WEB www.carboafrica.net

15. Thanks !!!