1. Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions November 14 th, 2012; 2-3:30 Eastern Time

2. 2 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Welcome to Workforce 3 One! Welcome to Workforce 3 One!

3. 3 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions  To submit a question, type the question in the text field and press your Enter/Return key. ‒ Please enter the name to whom the question is directed.  Your name and your question will appear on your screen, indicating successful submission.  Questions are directly transmitted to presenters—no other participants will see your questions. Submitting Questions: Closed Chat Text Field Gary, where can I find today’s PPT?

4. 4 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Practice In the Chat Room, please type the name of your organization, your location, and how many people are attending with you today.

5. 5 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Access to Webinar Resources WEBINAR RESOURCES: Recordings and transcripts are available within 2 business days after the event.

6. 6 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Presenters & Moderators Presenters  Terence M. McMenamin, Economist, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Division of Labor Force Statistics  Matthew Brault, Statistician, U.S. Census Bureau, Health and Disability Statistics Branch Moderators  Frank Gallo, Workforce Analyst, U.S. Employment and Training Administration  Randee Chafkin, Senior Program Specialist for Disability Programs, U.S. Employment and Training Administration

7. 7 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions What You’ll Learn  How to use disability employment statistics to improve your employment and training programs and decision making  This knowledge and skill are applicable to almost any targeted population (minorities, veterans, youth and older workers, etc.)  The Census Bureau customized tools described are essential resources for obtaining state and local employment (and other) data for a wide variety of purposes beyond assisting targeted populations

8. 8 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions  Understanding how disability is defined for statistical purposes, and how these differ from program and statutory definitions  The most important disability-related findings about employment, labor market hardship, and historical trends  The 4 best sources for disability employment data (ACS, SIPP, and the 2 separate CPS surveys), which are also the best sources for demographic employment data  How to use the Census Bureau’s customized tools for the ACS and CPS annual survey (AmericanFactFinder and Table Creator) More Specifics About What You’ll Learn

9. 9 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions  Ascertaining how many persons with disabilities live in specific state and sub-state areas  Determining which type of disability they experience (e.g., visual, hearing, mobility, mental or emotional)  Pinpointing the type of labor market hardship (unemployment, low earnings, inadequate work time, not in the labor force) that persons with disabilities experience in your area  Calculating other barriers to employment, such as limited educational attainment  Putting the data into the historical context (including the impact of recessions), and assessing progress or lack of it  Putting performance standards and results in context  Comparing your state or locality with the U.S. or neighboring states or localities You’ll Learn How to Use Data to Make Decisions

10. 10 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions  Approximately 19 percent (or about one in five) of the civilian, non-institutionalized population has a disability  Increasingly, the public workforce system is serving customers with multiple challenges to employment, including those with disabilities and other challenges (e.g., the homeless, ex-offenders, veterans, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) recipients, those with limited English and English-as- a-second language (ESL) enrollees, etc.) Disability Demographics

11. 11 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions  In 2010, to respond to these challenges, DOL implemented its employment and training initiative for persons with disabilities — the Disability Employment Initiative (DEI).  The DEI is co-funded by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL)’s Employment and Training Administration (ETA) and Office of Disability Employment Policy (ODEP). Disability Employment Initiative (DEI)

12. 12 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions  To-date, DOL has awarded over $63 million to 23 states under the DEI to improve education, training and employment outcomes for youth and adults who are unemployed, underemployed, and/or receiving Social Security disability benefits.  DOL encourages all DEI projects to use labor market information (LMI) from BLS, the Census Bureau, and other data sources for a variety of purposes — planning, service delivery, grant applications, etc. DEI Overview

13. 13 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions  Within the past few decades, the number of major disability employment data sources has grown from 1 to 4  Several major surveys introduced a new definition of disability, beginning in 2008  Keep in mind that the major surveys do not all define disability in the same way  This Webinar covers the major sources for which users can most easily obtain data, but other important sources exist — most notably, BLS longitudinal surveys (see ETA Resources slide at the end of the presentation for more links) Major Recent Changes in Disability Employment Data

14. 14 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Definitions of Disability Disability is: (generally) difficulty performing a basic life activity; and (specifically) difficulty performing the selected set of activities asked in the survey questionnaire.

15. 15 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Ways of Conceptualizing Disability  Medical model –Defined by having a disease or condition that usually results in some kind of limitation Examples: Multiple Sclerosis (MS), autism, or Alzheimer’s disease  Activity-based model –Defined by having difficulty with the activity that results from physical or social barriers. Example: Being unable to work due to discrimination against people with speech impairments

16. 16 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions This month we want to learn about people who have physical, mental, or emotional conditions that cause serious difficulty with their daily activities. Please answer for household members who are 15 years old or over. 1. Is anyone deaf or does anyone have serious difficulty hearing? 2. Is anyone blind or does anyone have serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses? Current Population Survey (CPS) Disability Questions

17. 17 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions 3. Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does anyone have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions? 4. Does anyone have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs? 5. Does anyone have difficulty dressing or bathing? 6. Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does anyone have difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping? CPS Disability Questions (continued)

18. 18 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Census Bureau Sources of Disability Data  American Community Survey (ACS) –Six questions / “Core” definition Exclusively activity-based  Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) –60+ questions / “Comprehensive” definition Combines both medical and activity-based  Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC) –Work disability measure Activity (work) and program-based –Core definition also available from Core CPS instrument

19. 19 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions ACS Disability Definition FOR ALL AGES:  Is this person deaf or does he/she have serious difficulty hearing?  Is this person blind or does he/she have serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses? FOR THOSE AGE 5 AND OLDER:  Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions?  Does this person have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs?  Does this person have difficulty dressing or bathing? FOR THOSE AGE 15 AND OLDER:  Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping?

20. 20 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions SIPP Disability Definition  Questions typically follow format: –Does [person] have difficulty doing [activity]? –If yes, can [person] do [activity] at all? or –If yes, does [person] need the help of another person to do [activity]?  Difficulty without assistance or still able = nonsevere  Difficulty needing assistance or not able = severe  Mental disability types: –Autism or cerebral palsy, Alzheimer's disease, intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, etc.

21. 21 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions CPS ASEC Work Disability Definition  Seven (7) criteria: 1.Has a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do? 2.Has ever retired or left a job for health reasons 3.Is currently not in the labor force because of a disability 4.Did not work at all in the previous year because of illness or disability 5.Is under 65 years old and covered by Medicare 6.Is under 65 years old and received Supplemental Security Income (SSI) 7.Received Veterans Administration (VA) disability income  Criteria 3-6 are considered a “severe work disability”

22. 22 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Strengths of Each Survey  ACS –Very large sample size (250,000+ addresses/month) –Households and Group Quarters covered –Annual estimates –Includes demographic, social, economic, and housing characteristics  SIPP –Detailed disability types –Longitudinal file for studying dynamics of economic well-being  CPS ASEC –Lengthy historical perspective possible (1981-present)

23. 23 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Weaknesses of Each Survey  ACS –Limited scope of topics –Questions changed in 2008, limiting historical data (also true of monthly CPS data)  SIPP –Small sample, national estimates only –Data can be difficult to work with  CPS ASEC –Limited definition of disability –Endogenous with economic factors

24. 24 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions When to Use Which Source  Depends upon what’s most important to you: –Specific geography (e.g., state, county, place) –Specific disability type (e.g., vision, grasping objects) –Timeliness, time-trends (e.g., 2000-2010, before and after a recession) –Which non-disability characteristics are of interest Poverty, Employment, Economic Outcomes Social characteristics, Health Outcomes

25. 25 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions When to Use Which Source (cont.)  Specific geography = ACS  Specific disability type = SIPP  Timeliness = CPS (monthly) and ACS  Time-trends = SIPP or CPS ASEC  Non-disability variables: –Income, Poverty, or Health Insurance Coverage = CPS ASEC or ACS –Social characteristics = SIPP or ACS –Health Outcomes = SIPP

26. 26 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Findings from SIPP: Americans with Disabilities, 2010  National estimates –Prevalence of specific disability types –Employment and earnings for specific disability types –Dynamics of employment, poverty, and health insurance coverage 26

27. 27 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Percentage of People (All Ages) with a Disability (SIPP) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2004 and 2008 Panels, Adult and Child Functional Limitations Topical Module

28. 28 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Disability Prevalence by Age: 2010 (SIPP) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2008 Panel, Adult and Child Functional Limitations Topical Module

29. 29 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Types of Disability: Aged 15 and Older (SIPP) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2008 Panel, Wave 6 Adult Functional Limitations Topical Module Communicative Domain Physical Domain Mental Domain

30. 30 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Monthly Earnings and Family Income by Disability Status (SIPP, age 21 to 64 years old) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2008 Panel, Wave 6 Adult Functional Limitations Topical Module

31. 31 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Employment and Poverty by Disability Status (SIPP, people age 21 to 64 years old) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2008 Panel

32. 32 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Dynamics of Economic Well- Being by Disability Status (SIPP) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2008 Panel

33. 33 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Findings from the 2011 ACS

34. 34 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Disability Prevalence Civilian non-institutionalized population 18 to 64 years old (ACS) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, S1810

35. 35 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Percent Employed Civilian non-institutionalized population 18 to 64 years old (ACS) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, B18120

36. 36 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions CPS ASEC Findings: Employment Trends Adults 16 to 64 with a Work Disability Note: Shaded areas indicate periods of recession as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March Supplement, 1995-2010

37. 37 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Current Census Bureau Disability Web Site http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/disability.htm

38. 38 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions New Census Bureau Disability Page (Coming Soon) http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/

39. 39 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Monthly CPS Findings: Disability rates by sex and age SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey Percent

40. 40 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions A greater portion of those with disabilities are age 65 and over (CPS) SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey 2011 Percent

41. 41 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Labor force participation rates by sex, age, and disability status (CPS) SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey 2011 Percent

42. 42 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions People with disabilities are less likely to be in the labor force (CPS) SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey Percent 16 and older 2011

43. 43 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Labor force participation rates have remained low for people with disabilities (CPS) Percent 16 and older SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, shaded area represents recession

44. 44 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Labor force participation rates by educational attainment (CPS) SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey Percent 25 and older 2011

45. 45 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Distribution by educational attainment and disability status, 25 years and older (CPS) SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey Percent 2011

46. 46 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Employment-population ratios by race, ethnicity, and disability status (CPS) SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey 2011 Percent 16 and older

47. 47 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Portion of those not in the labor force who want a job (CPS) Percent 16 and older 2011 SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey

48. 48 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Percent distribution by occupation and disability status, 2011 (CPS) SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey Percent 16 years and over

49. 49 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Employed persons by class of worker and disability status (CPS) Percent 16 and older 2011 SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey

50. 50 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Employed persons with a disability are more likely to work part time (CPS) Percent 16 and older 2011 SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey

51. 51 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Employed persons 16 years and over who usually work part time, but want full-time work (CPS) SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey Percent of employed 2011

52. 52 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions The unemployment rate has remained relatively high for people with disabilities (CPS) Percent 16 and older SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, shaded area represents recession

53. 53 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Unemployment rates for persons age 16 to 64 by disability status (CPS) SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey Percent

54. 54 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions American FactFinder http://factfinder2.census.gov/ http://factfinder2.census.gov/ 54

55. 55 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Getting Started with FactFinder Geography Topics: Disability, Employment, etc

56. 56 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Live Walkthrough

57. 57 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions CPS Table Creator http://www.census.gov/cps/data/cpstablecreator.html http://www.census.gov/cps/data/cpstablecreator.html

58. 58 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Live Walkthrough

59. 59 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions  The CPS is a monthly survey and the data are released the following month  The disability questions were permanently added to the CPS in June 2008  The CPS can append additional questions (supplements) that are useful for collecting information not measured elsewhere About CPS Disability Data

60. 60 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions  The CPS collects employment and unemployment data with significant demographic detail  Data are restricted to the civilian, noninstitutional population age 16 and over  The CPS cannot accurately measure specific disabilities or disability data by state CPS Disability Data: Background (con’t)

61. 61 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions  The CPS is a sample survey and thus is subject to some level of variance  Seasonal adjustment normally requires at least 5 years of data  The Census Bureau cannot provide population controls for the CPS disability data CPS Disability Data: Background (con’t)

62. 62 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions  CPS supplements follow the regular CPS questions and can draw upon the responses to the earlier questions  The large portion of those with a disability who were not in the labor force brought up several issues that could not be addressed using existing CPS questions  Extensive outreach was conducted to ensure the supplement questions addressed the most pressing issues May 2012 CPS Disability Supplement (2013 release)

63. 63 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions  Learn more about the low labor force participation rates for people with disabilities  Learn more about the work history of people with disabilities  Commuting methods used by those with and without disabilities  Flexibility in work hours and location May 2012 CPS Supplement: Employment-related questions

64. 64 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions  Use of employment assistance programs by people with disabilities  Barriers to employment experienced by people with disabilities  Workplace accommodations that assist people with disabilities  Types of financial assistance programs that assist those with disabilities and their effect on the likelihood of working May 2012 CPS Supplement: Assistance-related questions

65. 65 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions  The data are currently being analyzed and tabulated  The press release for the May 2012 supplement is tentatively scheduled for early 2013  The release of the public use files and detailed tables will coincide with the press release May 2012 CPS Disability Supplement Data: Publication Status

66. 66 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Resources: Disability Employment Initiative  For additional information about the DEI (including project contacts) — and for a variety of tools, resources, and information targeted to workforce stakeholders on the employment of persons with disabilities — visit ETA’s Disability and Employment Community of Practice at https://disability.workforce3one.org. https://disability.workforce3one.org

67. 67 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Resources: Census Bureau Links  Disability Page –http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/disability.html (current )http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/disability.html –http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/ (new site — not yet live)http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/  American FactFinder: –http://factfinder2.census.gov/http://factfinder2.census.gov/  CPS Table Creator –http://www.census.gov/cps/data/cpstablecreator.htmlhttp://www.census.gov/cps/data/cpstablecreator.html

68. 68 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Resources: BLS Links  BLS Disability Web page: –http://www.bls.gov/cps/demographics.htm#disabilityhttp://www.bls.gov/cps/demographics.htm#disability  Latest BLS disability news release: –http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/disabl.pdfhttp://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/disabl.pdf  Archived BLS data (for prior years): –http://www.bls.gov/schedule/archives/all_nr.htm#DISABLhttp://www.bls.gov/schedule/archives/all_nr.htm#DISABL

69. 69 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Resources: ETA Links  Labor Market Information WIN-WIN Network Community of Practice: –https://winwin.workforce3one.org/page/home (numerous disability employment statistics links)https://winwin.workforce3one.org/page/home  Guide to State and Local Workforce Data: –https://winwin.workforce3one.org/view/2001212365477234753/info (see the disability and veterans entries, as well as the first 2 rows, on AmericanFactFinder and TableCreator, respectively)https://winwin.workforce3one.org/view/2001212365477234753/info  Links to Longitudinal Surveys: –https://winwin.workforce3one.org/command/view.aspx?look=200111 0273966510907&mode=info&pparams= (see especially the BLS National Longitudinal Surveys for Youth — the bibliography can be searched using “disability” as a keyword)https://winwin.workforce3one.org/command/view.aspx?look=200111 0273966510907&mode=info&pparams=

70. 70 Using BLS and Census Disability Statistics for Employment and Training Decisions Speakers’ Contact Information Matthew Brault (Census Bureau)  Email: matthew.w.brault@census.govmatthew.w.brault@census.gov  Phone: 301-763-5637 Terence M. McMenamin (BLS)  Email: mcmenamin.terence@bls.govmcmenamin.terence@bls.gov  Phone: 201-691-5436

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