2. content’s  Definition  Significance  Requirements of FDT  Formulation methodologies  Patented technologies  Potential candidates for FDT  Survey literature

3. Fast Dissolving Tablets (FDTs) or “mouth dissolving tablets” (MDTs) which disintegrates or dissolves rapidly without water within few seconds in the mouth. Definition

4. According to European pharmacopoeia, these MDTs should dissolve/disintegrate in less than three minutes. US FDA defined ODTs as “A solid dosage form containing medicinal substances or active ingredients which disintegrates rapidly within a few seconds when placed up on tongue”

5. Mouth dissolving tablets are also called as  Orodispersible tablets (ODTs),  Fast disintegrating tablets,  Orally disintegrating tablets,  Quick disintegrating tablets,  Fast dissolving tablets,  Rapid dissolving tablets,  Porous tablets,  Quick melt tablets &  Rapid melt tablets.

6. significance It offer all advantages of solid dosage forms and liquid dosage forms along with special advantages, includes It provide good stability, accurate dosing, easy manufacturing, small packaging size & easy to handle. No need of water to swallow the dosage form. Easy to administer for paediatric, geriatric & institutionalized patients. More rapid drug absorption from the pre- gastric area which may produce Quick onset of action.

7. Pre-gastric absorption of drug avoids hepatic metabolism, which reduces the dose and increase the bioavailability. The risk of chocking or suffocation during oral administration avoided. Good mouth feel property of MDDDS helps to change the basic view of medication as "bitter pill" Patient’s compliance for disabled bedridden patients and for travelling and busy people, who do not have ready access to water.

8. Requirements of ODTs An ideal FDT should I.Dissolve / disintegrate in the mouth in matter of seconds without water. II.Have sufficient mechanical strength and good package design. III.Not affected by drug properties. IV.Effective taste masking technologies should be adopted for bitter taste drugs. V.Leave minimal or no residue in mouth after oral administration. VI.Exhibit low sensitivity to environment condition such as humidity and temperature

9. Formulation Methodologies 1.Freeze drying or lyophilization 2.Molding 3.Cotton candy process 4.Spray drying 5.Mass extrusion 6.Nanonization 7.Three-dimensional Printing (3DP) 8.Compaction a)Melt granulation b)Phase transition process c)Sublimation 9. Conventional methods a) Dry granulation b) Wet granulation c) Direct compression

10. OraSolv technology (Cima Labs) produces tablets by low compression pressure It uses an effervescent disintegration pair that releases gas upon contact with water. Acid sourcesCarbonate sources Citric acid, Tartaric acid, Malic acid, Fumaric acid, Adipic acid, and Succinic acids. Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium carbonate, Potassium bicarbonate, and Potassium carbonate. Widely used effervescent disintegration pairs OraSolv technology

11. The carbon dioxide evolved from the reaction may provide some “fizzing” sensation, which is a positive organoleptic sensation. 20–25% of total weight of tablet effervescent agent is used. OraSolv tablets - soft and fragile nature. PakSolv - Special packaging system  “Dome-shaped” blister package  Prevents the vertical movement of the tablet within the depressions.  Protect the tablets from breaking during transport and storage also offers light, moisture, and child resistance. PakSolv - Special packaging system  “Dome-shaped” blister package  Prevents the vertical movement of the tablet within the depressions.  Protect the tablets from breaking during transport and storage also offers light, moisture, and child resistance.

12. Quick –Dis technology Lavipharm Laboratories Inc. (Lavipharm) invented this ideal intraoral FDDS. Thin, flexible, and quick ‐ dissolving film. Quick ‐ Dis™ provided in various packaging configurations, unit ‐ dose pouches to multiple ‐ dose blister packages. Film with a thickness of 2 mm have disintegration time 5 to 10 seconds & dissolving time, is around 30 seconds. Typical release profile of API is 50% released within 30 seconds and 95% within 1 minute.

13. POTENTIAL CANDIDATES FOR FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS (FDT ) Analgesics and Anti-inflammatory Agents : Aloxiprin ibuprofen ketoprofen oxaprozin acid

14. Anti-bacterial Agents: Benethamine penicillin ciprofloxacin HCl erythromycin sulphadoxine sulphacetamide tetracycline

15. Anti-coagulants: Dicoumarol Dipyridamole Nicoumalone Phenindione

16. Anti-malarials: Chloroquine quinine sulphate Amodiaquine

17. Survey literature Formulation, Evaluation and Optimization of Fast dissolving tablet containing Tizanidine Hydrochloride Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Sudhakarrao institute of pharmacy, Pusad 445 204, M.S.,India. P.S. Zade, P.S. Kawtikwar*, D.M. Sakarkar