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Published byMelvyn Griffith Modified over 8 years ago
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The Ending of the Civil war
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Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863 Dedicate a cemetery in Gettysburg 2 minute speech “Remade America” “Not just a collection of individual states – it was a unified nation”
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Blacks Battle Bondage 180,000 African Americans fought for the Union 10% of the Union army Suffered discrimination 38,000 died Confederacy Did not enlist until end of war Thousand used for labor battalions “Stomach of the Confederacy” Revolts
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Union Cont. 1862 David G. Farragut Commander of a Union fleet 40 ships Seized New Orleans Confederacy’s largest city / busiest port Took control of much of the lower Mississippi
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Vicksburg Ulysses S. Grant Took northern Tennessee Captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson Kentucky Opened gateway = Georgia Fought to take Vicksburg Confederate strongholds on the Mississippi Rested on the bluffs above the river Guns could control all water traffic
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Grant Spring 1863 Needed to weaken Confederates Sent a Calvary through the heart of Mississippi Destroying all rail lines Distracted Confederates Grant moves troops South of Vicksburg Sent his men in search of Confederate troops In 18 days Union troops sacked Jackson Mississippi
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Grant Grant rushed his troops to Vicksburg Ordered 2 frontal attacks Neither worked May 1863 Set up a barrage of artillery From both the river and the land = Several hours a day Food supplies ran low for Eating dogs and mules City fell on July 4 Port Hudson, Louisiana – Last confederate holdout Union had now cut the Confederacy in two
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Confederacy Weakens Confederacy Gettysburg and Vicksburg cost the South much of its manpower Low on food, shoes, uniforms, funds, and ammunition Moral was weakening Many soldiers had deserted Many southerners began to call openly for peace
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Grant / Sherman March 1864 Lincoln appoints Grant commander of Union armies Grant appoints = William Tecumseh Sherman Division of the Mississippi These 2 appointments changed the course of the war Both believed in waging = Total war Grant wanted to decimate Lee’s army in Virginia Sherman raided Georgia
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Sherman’s March Spring - 1864 March southeast Created path of destruction Burned houses, destroyed livestock Wanted to make southerners “so sick of war that generations would pass away before they would again appeal to it” By November = burned most of Atlanta Sherman turned north to help Grant = “Wipe out Lee”
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Grant Outlast Lee Wilderness Campaign May – June 1864 Casualties high “Grant the Butcher” Trench warfare North could afford casualties = South could not
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Surrender at Appomattox April 3, 1865 Union troops conquered Richmond --- the Confederate capital Southerners had abandoned the city the day before April 9, 1865 Appomattox Court House – Virginia Lee and Grant met at a private home to arrange a Confederate surrender
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Cont. Lincoln very generous Paroled Lee’s soldiers Sent them home with their possessions 3 days rations Officers could keep side arms Within 1 month resistance collapses 4 years ------Civil War was over
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Nation Changes 360,000 Union solders died 260,000 Confederates died Increased federal governments power and authority Income tax Conscription Gave more control over individual citizens No state ever threatened secession again $15 Billion = Total cost of war
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Revolution in Warfare Rifle Mini ball Soft lead bullet Hand grenades Land mines Ironclad ships --- replace wooden ships Ramming wooden ships Resist cannon fire and burning
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War Changes Lives 13 Amendment Ratified at the end of 1865 Abolishing Slavery Lincolns Assassinated April 14, 1865 5 days after surrender Lincoln and his wife = Ford’s theatre John Wilkes Booth Shot the president in the back of his head Lincoln never regained consciousness Died April 15
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Lincoln Booth caught 12 days later Shot to death Lincoln taken from Washington to Springfield Illinois 14 days 7 million Americans turned out to mourn. 1/3 of the Unions population
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