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D-cinema Digital Cinema System : Presentation, analysis, and open source perspectives RMLL 2010, july 8 th Copyright Nicolas Bertrand (bertrand@inattendu.org), 2010bertrand@inattendu.org CC-by-nc-sa Schematics from Digital Cinema System Specification Version 1.2 March 07, 2008
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Introduction Solution to replace 35 mm copies Transition to full digital : production, distribution, projection In France( June 2010) : 2000 screens No international norm DCI norm, started in 2005, last version : 2008
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DCI Digital Cinema Initiative : created by 7 Majors (Disney, Fox, MGM, Paramount, Sony, Universal, Warner Bros) Work on D-cinema norm : Digital Cinema System Specification DCI is not an international norm authority. Managed now by SMTPE
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D-cinema : overview 4 Major concepts : Digital Master : DCDM ( Digital Cinema Distribution Master ) Digital Package copy : DCP (Digital Cinema Package) Theater systems and projection Security
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DCDM : Digital Master Image Format : TIFF Format 2K movie ~ 2 To 4K movie~ 8 To 'Reels' : 10 to 20 min Audio Format : WAV 24 bits 48 / 96 kHz 16 channels Subtitles / accessibility incrustation Png file Xml file
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From DCDM to DCP
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COMPRESSION Image compression JPEG 2000 Make movie transport easier 2K movie ~ 235 Gb Allow generation of DCDM* identical to DCDM No compression for : Audio, subtitles, accessibility
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DCP :: Fundamentals DCP : Digital Cinema Packaging Open Standard → license free Scalable → any number of essence Secure → file integrity and business engagment Identity → UUID
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DCP :: Track and CPL Track file Basic element (image, audio, subtitle, meta- data) KLV coding protocol Composition Play List Post Production. Assemble a complete composition
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DCP :: Packing list Final element in packaging Information and identifications about each files in DCP
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DCP :: Show Play List Done at exhibition site, created from Composition play list
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DCP :: Examples Can contain a complete composition a set of compositions tracks to update ( audio, subtitles) a single track
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KDM Key Delivery Message = DRM for cinema Key generated between a DCP and a MB (Media Block = projection system) Contains business information. Like time window for showing the content.
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TRANSPORT DCP : Hard drive Satellite : ~ 6h Network ADSL : from 24h to 48h Optic fiber : ~ 3h KDM transmitted separately
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Theater systems Architecture & Projection
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Single Screen Architecture
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Multiplex Architecture
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Projection
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Remarks MTBF of 10000 hours for an equipment Theater network shall be secure : authenticate equipments establish secure Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1 couple MB/Projector by screen Logging subsystem Log projection and security events
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PROJECTION Change digital image data into light Inter-operable 2K and 4k projectors DLP Processor Forensic Marking Interface with MB : Link HD-SDI
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SECURTIY Main goals : Content Protection and Piracy Prevention Control projection Rights Owner 3 levels : Encryption / KDM Theater security management Forensic marking, anti-camcorder ( optional)
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Who is in the place ? Norms : DCS / SMTPE, AFNOR, EDCF DCDM et DCP : Dorémi, Dolby, kodak, Projectors : Christie, Sony, Barco Third-party investor : Arts Alliance, Ymagis, XDC Transport : SmartJog, Globecast, OpenCube KDM, SMS, TMS : Cinego, Dvidea
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Observations DCI specification designed for entertainment cinema. D-cinema System Complexity not adapted for small / independent cinema Projectionists : RIP Nothing about film preservation DCI specification describe also diffusion of alternative content. ( Ads, Live show, …) SMPTE norms not public
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What about open source ? Edcine ( Research group on digital cinema) issued a European Digital Cinema White Book. Recommandation #6 : Promote, encourage and support open-source developments providing the necessary tools for small-budget distributors to participate in the digital cinema chain. These tools should provide content encryption and packaging, KDM generation and delivery, and log aggregation and retrieval.
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Known state Server constructor, tools for DCDM and DCP : Mostly under Linux, but not free Existing Initiatives : Open Cinema tools, OpenJpeg, FreeMxf Lack of activities and development.
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D- Cinema and Open source Provide mastering tools ( DCDM and DCP generation) Provide SMS / TMS for theaters Provide several level of security DCP exchange
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Open Source :: Distributors Simple DCDM / DCP creation for distributors with or without KDM Create DCP not only from DCDM Mpeg2 or HD movie for example
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Open Source : Theaters Simple SMS and TMS for DCP handling With or without security key management Open Hardware for MB and projectors ?
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Open source :: DCP exchange DCP exchange via P2P ? Transfer via VPN ? Generic interface ( web) for DCP exchange ? Global DCP database
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CONCLUSION Keep independent cinema alive ! ( or more ) Community help for independent cinema Create an open D-cinema initiative Discussion for SW and HW architecture. Promote D-cinema initiatives talk with D-cinema actors
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