1. Lesson #6 – Food Chains and Food Webs – Cycling of Matter and Energy

2. Today's Starter Quote “ And in the end, it’s not the years in your life that count. It’s the life in your years.” –life in your years Abraham Lincoln

3. Review of Yesterday's Material Complete the diagram showing the collapse of the forest ecosystem on Easter Island. Use the labels given. plant lossno fishing no boating materialsstarvationsoil erosion Bird loss travel restricted Check (  ) three abiotic characteristics of ecosystems. Symbiosis allows different species to live together in close association. Fish get oxygen from water. Competition means two or more organisms compete for the same resource. Plants and other organisms need light for photosynthesis. Plants and animals need nutrients to grow. Predation means one organism eats another to survive.

4. Write True (T) or False (F) beside each statement about the phosphorous cycle. Phosphate is good for water plants because it makes them grow fast. Mining of the Earth’s surface can release phosphorous from rocks into soil. When phosphate is released into soil and then runs off into waters, it settles to the bottom of the water source, trapped and not released into the air or soil for cycling. Phosphate is a good detergent & could be used to clean the waters sources. Which of the following activities can help reduce eutrophication? Reduce the use of fertilizers on farmlands. Ban the use of phosphates in detergents. Increase the use of phosphates in detergents.

5. List positive actions farmers and fertilizer companies, governments, and consumers can take to reduce nutrient pollution. Farmers and fertilizer companies: Governments: Consumers: Complete the statement about the graph by circling the correct words. The amounts of phosphorus decreased from 1967 to 1980 / 1985 / 1990 then rose slightly again but at levels lower than 1967.

6. How does energy enter an ecosystem? Nuclear reactions in our Sun create an enormous amount of energy, a very small amount of which reaches the Earth. At the same time there is an endless loss of energy as heat is lost back out of our atmosphere. The atmopshere traps some of the heat, which is good news – it creates a comfortable temperature to support life. Organisms that contain chlorophyll, meaning 'green leaf', will transfer this solar energy into chemical energy through a process known as Photosynthesis

7. Oxygen(x3)carbon dioxide(x3) water (x2) Glucose (x2)chlorophyll in leaves

8. The energy is into the ecosystem, so how does it move in it? Matter and energy are transferred between trophic levels within the biosphere. A trophic level is a category of organisms that is defined by how the organisms gain their energy. As an example, primary producers make their own food. They are also known as autotrophs. Comsumers that gain energy from plants and animals are known as omnivores, such as pigs, chickens, wasps, raccoons, bears or humans. Within each transfer of matter and energy however there is always a loss, as the organism within that level needs matter and energy to survive. This trophic efficiency is often 10%. We can look at both concepts visually. Primary consumers, or herbivores, get their energy from primary producers. Secondary consumers, or carnivores, get their matter and energy from primary consumers.

10. Draw and label a food chain to illustrate the following information. Algae is eaten by Australian black fish who are then eaten by trout. The trout are caught by fishermen and consumed. Use the following labels to help you. first trophic level second trophic level third trophic level fourth trophic level primary producers (plants) primary consumers (herbivores) secondary consumers (carnivores) tertiary consumers (top carnivores) decomposers Solar energy

11. Text work: p. 27 Questions 4-8