1. The Radiologist and Automated Image Analysis Elizabeth A. Krupinski, PhD Department of Radiology University of Arizona

2. Work Supported In Part By : Toshiba Medical Systems Tokyo, Japan DataRay Corporation Westminster, CO Fuji Medical Systems Stamford, CT Special Thanks To : ARC & Prof. Anthony Maeder

3. Goals Reading Radiographic Images from Digital Displays - Perceptual - Cognitive - Ergonomic

4. Major Parameters - Diagnostic Accuracy - Viewing Time or Time to Diagnose - Subjective or Aesthetic Judgments of Image Quality, Usefulness, Preferences, etc.

5. Types Of Studies - Film vs. Monitor Reading - Evaluating Monitor Characteristics - Workstation Evaluation - Radiologists and CAD

6. Workstation Evaluation

7. Measurement Tools o ROC Analysis o Decision Rates o Agreement Statistics o Rating Analysis o Work Flow Analysis o Eye-Position Recording

8. Quality Ratings 0 1 2 3 4 ContrastSharpnessQuality CR CRT

9. Role of Experience o Experience affects scanning patterns & diagnostic accuracy in general : experience yields better performance & more efficient search behavior o A “generation gap” effect has also been observed when comparing film versus monitor reading, in radiology and in pathology

10. MORE EXPERIENCED LESS EXPERIENCED

11. Image Processing & Reading Effects o Types used o Patterns of use o Preferences o Effects on performance

12. CAD & Radiologists

13. Simplified Menus

14. Simplified Icons 90

15. Simplified Window & Level GRAY SCALE PRESETS Save Apply Restore Close All Width 256 Level 356 OK Too Much

16. Keys to Success o Involve the radiologist o Study workflow & habits o Know effects of equipment (monitors) o Know the user (specialist, generalist) o Make it simple o Involve another radiologist o Involve yet another radiologist