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Some Practical Considerations for the GEO-CAPE Mission Sensitivity, Saturation, Sun glint, Cloud cover, etc Chuanmin Hu, Zhongping Lee, Keping Du, Antonio.

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Presentation on theme: "Some Practical Considerations for the GEO-CAPE Mission Sensitivity, Saturation, Sun glint, Cloud cover, etc Chuanmin Hu, Zhongping Lee, Keping Du, Antonio."— Presentation transcript:

1 Some Practical Considerations for the GEO-CAPE Mission Sensitivity, Saturation, Sun glint, Cloud cover, etc Chuanmin Hu, Zhongping Lee, Keping Du, Antonio Mannino NASA GEO-CAPE Science Working Group Meeting 11-13 May 2011, Boulder, Colorado

2 Some practical considerations for the GEO-CAPE mission Sensitivity, Saturation, Sun glint, Cloud cover, etc Objectives Help define sensor constraints Help implement measurement plans NASA GEO-CAPE Science Working Group Meeting 11-13 May 2011, Boulder, Colorado

3 SeaWiFS Florida Strait MODIS/Aqua Florida Strait Sensitivity versus Saturation

4 MODIS RGB (land bands) MODIS FLH (ocean bands) Sensitivity versus Saturation

5 Problem with Low Saturation

6 SeaWiFS Solution Knee Values

7 551 (555)667 (670)748 (765)869 (865) MODIS Saturation 6.963.502.231.30 SeaWiFS Knee 6.003.352.462.03 MODIS versus SeaWiFS Units: mW  cm -2  m -1  sr -1

8 How Precise are MODIS Chl? 5-10% RMS speckle noise. Resolves to <0.005 mg m -3 at low concentrations

9 MODIS Fluorescence Sensitivity MODIS/Aqua Chl, Sargasso Sea MODIS FLH Not sufficient to resolve Chl < 0.1 mg m -3 Then, how do we choose the trade between sensitivity and dynamic range (saturation)?

10 MODIS versus SeaWiFS Radiance (L) units: mW  cm -2  m -1  sr -1. Numbers in () are for SeaWiFS 1 DN of MODIS 678 band is corresponding to 0.1 – 0.2 mg m -3 Chl Band (nm) Res.L (1 DN) NE  L 1620-670250 m0.02170.0170 2841-876250 m0.00830.0123 3459-479500 m0.01670.0145 4545-565500 m0.01450.0127 438-4481 km0.0039 (0.0136)0.0050 (0.0130) 546-5561 km0.0018 (0.0076)0.0028 (0.0080) 673-6831 km0.0007 (0.0042)0.0008 (0.0056)

11 From Xing et al. (2007, Ocean Science Journal) MODIS 665.1 (10) 676.7 (10) 746.4 (10) MERIS 665.0 (10) 681.3 (7.5) 709.0 (9) GLI 666.7 (10)679.9 (10) 710.5 (10) GOCI 660.0 (20) 680.0 (10) 745.0 (20) MODIS 0.0008 0.0007 0.0009 MERIS 0.0013 0.0014 0.0011 GLI 0.00150.0014 0.0012 GOCI 0.0032 0.0031 0.0020 NE  L (mW  cm -2  m -1  sr -1 ) Band Center (Bandwidth) MODIS versus Others

12 MODIS/Aqua Lt (typical)

13 MODIS/Aqua Lt (max)

14 Lt Dynamic Range

15 Question With these MODIS-based settings, can GEO- CAPE differentiate fluorescence quantum efficience changes at large solar zenith angles?

16 Chlorophyll fluorescence quantum yield Morrison (2003, L&O) Decreased Photochemical Quenching Increased Non- Photochemical Quenching Quantum Yield PAR (  mole  m -2  s -1 ) 1 10 100 1000  0 = 60 o  0 = 70 o  0 = 80 o

17 Surface PAR

18 Hours from Sunrise and Sunset PAR ~ 970 PAR ~ 600 PAR ~ 250

19 PAR ~ 970 PAR ~ 600 PAR ~ 250 Hours from Sunrise and Sunset

20 Sensitivity of L w 685 to solar/viewing geometry

21 Sensitivity of fluorescence (L w 685 and FLH) to solar/viewing geometry MODIS NE  L (678 nm) ~ 0.001 mW  cm -2  m -1  sr -1

22 Chlorophyll fluorescence quantum yield Morrison (2003, L&O) Decreased Photochemical Quenching Increased Non- Photochemical Quenching Quantum Yield PAR (  mole  m -2  s -1 ) 1 10 100 1000  0 = 60 o  0 = 70 o  0 = 80 o

23 Sensitivity of fluorescence (L w 685 and FLH) to solar/viewing geometry MODIS NE  L (678 nm) ~ 0.001 mW  cm -2  m -1  sr -1 Assuming MODIS sensitivity on GEO-CAPE and a constant fluorescence efficiency (quantum yield) of 2%, for Chl = 0.5, FLH decreased by 0.002 mW  cm -2  m -1  sr -1 (nearly halved) from  0 =60 o to 70 o. Quantum efficiency nearly doubled from  0 =60 o to 70 o, resulting in similar FLH changes if everything else remains the same. Conclusion: With MODIS sensitivity on GEO-CAPE, it is possible to derive fluorescence quantum efficiency changes in the non-photochemical regime for Chl ~> 0.5 mg m -3

24 June 22. # of hourly observations with non- photochemical quenching (100 < PAR < 1000) Dec. 22. # of hourly observations with non- photochemical quenching (100 < PAR < 1000)

25 Summary on Sensitivity  MODIS sensitivity can serve as a good template Sufficient to resolve fluorescence quantum efficiency changes between  0 =60 o to 80 o for Chl ~ 0.5 or higher  Saturation radiance determined from MODIS measurements (together with ACE missions). May need adjustment when global dataset is considered.

26 Twice/day versus once/day Cloud Avoidance - TBD

27 June 22. # of hourly observations with  o < 80 o June 22. # of hourly observations with sun glint (wind = 6 m/s) Sun Glint Considerations

28 Dec. 22. # of hourly observations with  o < 80 o Dec. 22. # of hourly observations with sun glint (wind = 6 m/s) Sun Glint Considerations

29 Sun Glint Is Not Always A Bad Thing % of days showing surface oil presence, April 22 – July 31, 2010 Makes it easier to detect oil spills

30 -135W GOES West-75W GOES East Characteristics of the visible band of GOES imager: Wavelength: 550~750 nm Spatial resolution: 1 km Spatial coverage (Routinely): Every 3 hours for Full disk & 15 min for Continental U.S. Range of Measurement: 1.6~ 100% albedo Accuracy: ±5% of the maximum scene radiance

31 Cyanobacteria (Trichodesmium erythraeum) blooms observed by GOES and MODIS What Time Is Desirable to Capture Diurnal Changes? WFS 5/22/2004

32 Conclusions - MODIS sensitivity can be followed - Saturation radiance may need adjustment - Need to implement a data acquisition matrix to optimize performance for science needs - Timing and frequency of measurements - Synoptic or targeted mode, where/when - Clouds and glint considerations NASA GEO-CAPE Science Working Group Meeting 11-13 May 2011, Boulder, Colorado

33 MODIS, MERIS, GLI, etc. MODIS (9): 412.5 443 488 531 551 667 678 748 869.5 (SNR) 880 838 802 754 750 910 1087 586 516 (all 10-nm bandwidth except 412.5 and 869.5) MERIS (15): 412.5 442.5 490 510 560 665 681.25 708.75 753.75 760.625 778.75 (SNR) Not available. But 681.25 has SNR > 2000 for typical TOA radiance (all 10-nm bandwidth except 681.25, 753.75, and 760.625) GLI (19): 380 400 412 443 460 490 520 545 565 625 666 680 678 710(2) 749 763 865(2) (SNR) Not available. (all 10-nm bandwidth except 763 and 865) For coral reef mapping: 451 482 498 526 556 580 610 647 (Hochberg et al., 2003) For inter-tidal benthic algae: <500, 540, 565, 580, 610, 790 (Borstad, pers. comm.)

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