1. Enzyme Structure Enzymes are proteins, which are chains of amino acids Enzymes have a folded, 3D shape This shape determines an enzyme’s function ENZYME AMINO ACIDS

2. Why are Enzymes Important? Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in your body by: 1. breaking molecules apart (ex: digestion) 2. Bringing molecules together

3. Recall:Chemical Reactions Definition: When one or more substances are converted into one or more different substances o Reactants: what goes IN the reaction (the used molecules) o Products: what comes OUT of the reaction (the new molecules) EXAMPLES: 1. A + B >> C 2. C >> A + B (this is like digestion) Reactants = A and B; Product = C Reactant = C; Products = A and B

4. How Do Enzymes Function? Think of enzymes as a little push

6. How do enzymes work? Enzymes have an active site where molecules bind. A substrate is the molecules that will fit in the active site

7. How do enzymes work? Enzymes are shaped to fit a particular substrate. The way enzymes and substrates fit together is like a lock and a key. The substrate must fit the active site. SHAPE IS VERY IMPORTANT!!!

8. Substrate Enzyme Products Enzyme-Substrate Complex Active Site

9. Enzyme Characteristics Enzymes are specific: Only one type of substrate works! Enzymes are reuseable: Can be used over again and is not changed by a reaction Enzymes can denature: Change shape because of changes in temperature or pH

10. ENZYME Examples Amylase: enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into sugars Lipase: enzyme that breaks down fats into lipids Protease: enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids. What do these names have in common?? All these words end in the letters “ASE”

11. Factor That Affect Enzymes Temperature o Too high temperature can cause denaturation o Too low temperature slows down the reaction

12. Optimum

13. Factor That Affect Enzymes pH Level: enzymes only work within a certain pH range