1. Overview of the Research Process

2. Research  Definition  A procedure by which we attempt to find systematically and with the support of demonstrable fact, the answer to a question or the resolution of a problem(Leedy 1989)  Identifying a question that demands an answer or a need that requires a resolution  Defining a research problem, working out how this problem can be investigated, coming to conclusions on the basis of what is found, and reporting the outcome in one form or the other(Walliman 2005) 2 문헌정보학연구방법론 -2

3. Modern Research  Six characteristics  It is generated by a question  It necessitates clarification of a goal  It entails a specific program of work  It is aimed at increasing understanding by interpreting facts or ideas and reaching some conclusions about their meaning  It is requires reasoned argument to support conclusions  It is iterative in its activities 3 문헌정보학연구방법론 -2

4. The Research Process  Getting started  What are you going to do  Why are you doing it  How are you going to do it  When are you going to do it  Where to find ideas  Based mostly on practical experience  The professional literature  Review of the subject area of interest  Identifying a suitable problem area by reviewing the literature of the subject of interest 4 문헌정보학연구방법론 -2

5. The Research Process  Identification of the research problem  Lead to analytical thinking on your part with the aim of offering possible solutions to the stated problem  Question What is the effect of an online tutorial on a student’s performance in general education courses?  Statement The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of an online tutorial on a student’s performance in general education courses  Features Current interest, significant, value, new information Free of ethical problems, accessible, replicable, drawing conclusion 5 문헌정보학연구방법론 -2

6. The Research Process  Defining the research problem  Formulating a research problem that only has the comparison of two or more sets of data  scientific inquiry  Setting up a problem in order to find the degree of correlation between two sets of data. Finding a link between two sets of data does not prove a causal relationship.  Devising a study in which the answer is either yes or no. This does not provide a solution to the problem that is being investigated. 6 문헌정보학연구방법론 -2

7. The Research Process  Identifying a research topic  The selection of a topic for an inquiry  We must always make choices that appeal to our own interests, curiosity and current knowledge.  Finding a topic and posing a relevant research question represent the important initial steps in the conduct of a research project.  Before choosing and narrowing a topic to investigate, consider why you want to study it and who sill benefit from it. 7 문헌정보학연구방법론 -2

8. The Research Process  Hypothesis formulation  Defining a tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences  Not always appropriate for all research topics, but if one uses it in research, it must arise naturally from the research problem and appear to the reader to be reasonable and sound.  Logical justification is developed from arguments based on concepts, theories and premises relating directly to the research problem  Empirical justification is based on reference to other research found in the literature. 8 문헌정보학연구방법론 -2

9. The Research Process: literature review  Review of current literature  The literature review stands as the prvotal point of all activities.  A selection of available documents published or unpublished, on the topic of interests  The effective evaluation of these documents in relation to the research being proposed  appropriate breadth & depth, rigor & consistency, clarity & brevity, and effective analysis & synthesis  Requirements What is known, relevant issues, significant debate on issues Important chronology to the development of knowledge the gaps in knowledge, most fruitful research direction? 9 문헌정보학연구방법론 -2

10. 10 문헌정보학연구방법론 -2 Identifying a Topic  Several ways in which researchers often gain some insight into their topic  To draft a brief title for the study Working title  major road sign To keep refocusing and changing “My study is about…” To begin with straightforward, uncomplicated, easy  To pose the topic as a brief question What question need to be answered in the proposed study? To focus on the key topic in the question as the major signpost

11. 11 문헌정보학연구방법론 -2 Researchable Topic  Reflecting on whether the topic can and should be researched  Participants willing to serve in the study  Resources to collect data and analyze the information  The question of “should” is more complex  Several factors  Adding to the pool of research knowledge  Anything new  How does this project contribute to the literature

12. 12 문헌정보학연구방법론 -2 Researchable Topic  Whether anyone outside the researcher’s own immediate institution or area would be interested in the topic?  Regional interest vs. national interest  Related to the researcher’s personal goals  Others  Pay off in enhancing career goals  Seek reactions Colleagues Noted authorities in the field Academic advisers, Faculty committee members

13. 13 문헌정보학연구방법론 -2 Purpose of the Literature Review  Qualitative research  To use the literature the assumptions of learning from the participant when not prescribing the questions that need to be answered Seeking to listen to participants Building an understanding based on their ideas  In the introduction Providing a useful backdrop for the problem/issue  In a separate section Locating the theory discussion: ethnographies/critical theory  In the final section Comparing and contrasting with the results

14. 14 문헌정보학연구방법론 -2 Purpose of the Literature Review  Quantitative research  To use to literature deductively as a basis for advancing research question or hypotheses  To compare extant literature with findings  In the introduction As a framwork for the research questions or hypotheses  In a separate section Consist of integrative summaries, theoretical reviews or methodological reviews A typical practice in dissertation An integrative review

15. 15 문헌정보학연구방법론 -2 Purpose of the Literature Review  Mixed methods study  Use the literature in a way that is consistent with the major type of strategy and the approach Qualitative or quantitative  Locating and summarizing the studies about a topic  Providing frameworks for thinking about a topic

16. 16 문헌정보학연구방법론 -2 Literature Review Techniques  Steps in conducting a literature review  Begin by identifying key words useful  Go to the library and begin searching, with these keywords in mind  Locate about 50 researches in articles or books related to the topic  Obtain a sense of whether the article or chapter will make a useful contribution to the research  Design the literature map, a visual picture and organize the position of research literature  Begin summaries of the most literature  Assemble and end the literature review with a summary of the major themes

17. 17 문헌정보학연구방법론 -2 A Priority for Resources in the literature  In what priority  Start with broad syntheses of the literature Encyclopedias, textbooks Annual Review of Information Science and Technology  Journal articles  Monographs related to the topic  Recent conference papers  Dissertation and theses

18. 18 문헌정보학연구방법론 -2 Abstracting Studies  Including the following points  Mention the problem being addressed  State the central purpose or focus of the study  Briefly state information about the sample, population, or participants  Review key results that relate to the study  Review methodology Point out technical and methodological flaws