1. Plants! 7 th Grade Diversity of Living things (Mod B) Unit 2 Lesson 3: Introduction to Plants and 4: Plant Processes

2. Plant classification (learn this chart!) Plants Nonvascular Vascular Seedless Seed plants Gymnosperms Angiosperms MonocotsDicots

3. Characteristics of all plants Multicellular Cells have cell walls Have a two stage life cycle Make own food with photosynthesis

4. Nonvascular Plants No vascular systems to transport water Must live in moist environments Have rhizoids – helps attach to rocks, trees, etc. (kinda like roots) Reproduce by spores

5. Nonvascular plant examples Mosses Liverworts Hornworts

6. Vascular Plants Have vascular system to move water and nutrients around Allows plants to grow tall and/or live in dry environment –Roots –Leaves –stems

7. Diagram Break! Can you draw it?

8. Seedless vascular plants Reproduce by spores Example #1: Ferns –Have rhizomes: underground stem; grows new leaves and roots –Fronds: leaves that uncurl as they grow Rhizome with

9. Other examples Horsetails Club mosses(“ground pine”)

10. Seed plants Seed – plant embryo enclosed in protective coating all seed plants produce pollen – tiny structure to hold plant sperm Pollen fertilizes egg cell, develops into embryo inside seed

11. Gymnosperm Means “naked seed” – seeds are not protected by fruit 3 main groups –Cycad –Ginkgoes –conifers

12. Cycad Short stems and palm-like leaves All tropical femalemale

13. Ginkgo Only one living species – all others extinct Ginkgo biloba

14. Conifers! Largest, most diverse division Seeds in female cones Most are evergreen Needle-like or scale-like leaves Examples: pine, spruce, fir, cedar, redwood, juniper, etc.

15. Pine Cones Male Cone Female Cone

16. Diagram Break! Can you draw it?

17. Angiosperms a.k.a “flowering plants” – make flowers and fruits to protect seeds MOST plants have flowers

18. 2 groups of Angiosperms: Dicot Seed has two cotyledons Monocot Seed has one cotyledon (used for food)

19. Monocot Flower parts in multiples of 3 Dicot Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5

20. Monocot Parallel veins in leaves Dicot Netlike veins in leaves

21. Monocot Vascular bundles in stem are scattered Dicot Vascular bundles in stem are in ring. (form annual rings in woody stem)

22. Monocot Ex. Corn, wheat, rice, bananas, pineapple, lily, tulip Dicot Ex. Peanuts, beans, apples, oranges, maple, daisy

23. Nonvascular plants

24. Now can you draw the diagram?

25. PHOTOSYNTHESIS! Process by which plants (&others) convert solar energy to chemical energy Chloroplasts (the organelle) contain chlorophyll (the pigment) that absorbs light from the sun

26. Light energy 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen Plants use carbon dioxide and water to make glucose (a sugar) and oxygen (a waste product for the plant)

27. Plants also do cellular respiration The energy produced by cellular respiration is used to power the cells processes – growth, reproduction, etc. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy glucose + oxygen Carbon dioxide + water + energy

28. Plant life cycles All plants alternate between 2 phases –Sporophyte phase Makes haploid spores –Gametophyte phase Makes egg and sperm which join together to make diploid embryos (usually develops into a seed) Some plants spend most of their life in sporophyte phase, some in gametophyte phase

30. Parts of a flower

32. Reproduction of flowering plants 1. pollen grain lands on pistil and begins to grow pollen tubes 2. sperm travel down pollen tube and fertilize eggs - each ovule in flower’s ovary now contains fertilized egg 3. petals and stamen fall away 4. ovary becomes the fruit, each ovule becomes a seed Eventually, fruit ripens and seeds are dispersed. 5. Each seed contains tiny plant. If seed sprouts, it will become a new plant.

34. Appearance of plant’s flowers can give clues about how plant is pollinated. Large brightly colored are usually pollinated by insects & other animals. Flowers that open at night are usually white or yellow and have a strong scent. Small & not colorful have wind pollination.

35. Grass Flower

36. Many plants can also reproduce asexually Plantlets Tubers Runners Etc.