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Natasha Borges Sugiyama UWM, Center for Latin American and Carribean Studies & Department of Political SCience PARTICIPATORY PRACTICES: TRENDS, UNKNOWNS, KNOWNS
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Global diffusion of Participatory Budgeting International Development Community promotes “participation” TRENDS
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Pros? Cons? PROS & CONS OF PARTICIPATORY MODELS
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Some reasons why participatory models have spread... Variation in local experiences with participation. KNOWNS
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Does participation produce sustainability? Does participation produce well being? UNKNOWNS
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Participatory Budgeting in the U.S. & Canada http://www.participatorybudgeting.org http://www.participatorybudgeting.org Participatory Budgeting in the U.K. http://pbnetwork.org.uk http://pbnetwork.org.uk International/National Efforts for Fiscal Transparency http://www.internationalbudget.org http://www.internationalbudget.org Participation World Bank http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSOCI ALDEVELOPMENT/EXTPCENG/0,,menuPK:410312~pagePK:1490 18~piPK:149093~theSitePK:410306,00.html RESOURCES
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Natasha Borges Sugiyama, Brian Wampler, Michael Touchton May 2016 Democracy at Work: Moving Beyond Elections to Improve Well-being in Brazil
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How Democracy Saves Lives: The Electoral Connection: Citizen Demands Government Responsiveness Accountability DEMOCRACY AND WELLBEING
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Participatory institutions; Expansion of social provisioning; Local administrative capacity. HOW DOES DEMOCRACY WORK?
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Participatory Governance May Improve Quality of Life for the Poor Enhance Governance Empower Citizens Improve Democracy PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE
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Brazil’s Bolsa Família and Family Health Program May Improve Quality of Life for the Poor Incorporate excluded citizens Expand access to services Set a minimum floor for a dignified life NATIONAL SOCIAL PROGRAMS
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Improving Municipal Administrative Capacity May also Improve Quality of Life for the Poor Improve Program Implementation, Efficiency, and Oversight Improve Service Provision Improve Standards of Living ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY
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Participatory Governance, National Social Programs, and Administrative Capacity all Contribute to Well-being in Brazil Municipal Commitments to Policy Councils Reduce Infant Mortality Broader Bolsa Família and Family Health Plan Coverage Reduce Infant Mortality Stronger Municipal Management of Bolsa Família Reduces Infant Mortality CENTRAL FINDINGS
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Brazil: the deepest and broadest experience with Participatory Governance- Simultaneous extension of CCTs, Family Health Program, and economic growth. Focus on health care, where short-term changes are possible and measurable Excellent data coverage Wide variation in institutions, programs, processes and outcomes across all 5,570 municipalities going back to 2000 RESEARCH DESIGN
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Presence of “Voluntary” Policy Councils Related to Infant Mortality Presence and Activity of “Induced” Health Councils Municipal Coverage of Bolsa Família, Family Health Programs Municipal Management Score for Bolsa Família Program. Per capita Municipal Healthcare Spending Left-leaning Party elected to Mayor’s office POTENTIAL EXPLANATORY VARIABLES
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Negative Binomial Regression with Fixed Effects Cross-Sectional Time-Series Models Institutions, Programs, Processes and Outcomes Technical Appendix Available: please email miketouchton@boisestate.edu miketouchton@boisestate.edu ESTIMATION STRATEGY
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Voluntary Councils are associated with low Infant Mortality Rates We estimate 5% lower infant mortality for municipalities Over a decade, full adoption of the councils has life saving potential. IMPACT OF POLICY COUNCILS ON WELL-BEING
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Induced Health Councils Have no Impact on Infant Mortality Rates Neither Does a Commitment to Active Health Councils (number of meetings per year) IMPACT OF POLICY COUNCILS ON WELL-BEING
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Bolsa Família and Family Health Program Coverage Both Reduce Infant Mortality Moving from mean coverage levels to one standard deviation above the mean results in an estimated 3% decrease in infant mortality for each program. This replicates previous studies on the topic (Rasella et al. (2013), Macinko et al. (2006). IMPACT OF NEW SOCIAL PROGRAMS ON WELL-BEING
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Strong Bolsa Família Management Improves Infant Mortality Moving from one SD below mean-level management to one SD above the mean- level generates an estimated 5% reduction in Infant Mortality This translates to over 10,000 potential lives saved over a decade if all municipalities had strong management. IMPACT OF ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY ON WELL-BEING
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Bolsa Família Management Interacts with Voluntary Councils to Improve Infant Mortality- at a high rate. INTERACTIVE EFFECTS Municipal Administration Citizen Participation and Oversight Federal Social Programs and Management Incentives Service Delivery to Improve Well- being
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Local participatory institutions, federal social Programs, and local administrative capacity all influence well-being. Bottom-up and top-down policies intersect at the municipality, which further conditions relationships with well-being in interactive models. Democracy works in a variety of ways- the greatest influence on well-being occurs when local participation combines with national, targeted programs to reduce poverty- all in the context of a stronger local state. CONCLUSION
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Thin vs. Thick Versions of Democracy and Citizenship Does Democracy Work for the Poor? Has it ever been tried? What would that entail? Democracy and citizenship support one another, but potentially only in their more robust forms. CONCLUSION
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Brian Wampler, Natasha Sugiyama, Michael Touchton Democracy at Work: Three Pathways to Improving Well-being in Brazil
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RESULTS: VOLUNTARY POLICY COUNCILS, NEW SOCIAL PROGRAMS, ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY AND INFANT MORTALITY 2006-2013
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INDUCED HEALTH COUNCILS, NEW SOCIAL PROGRAMS, ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY AND INFANT MORTALITY 2006-2013
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ACTIVE HEALTH COUNCILS, NEW SOCIAL PROGRAMS, ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY AND INFANT MORTALITY 2006-2013
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INTERACTION BETWEEN COUNCILS AND ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY 2006-2013
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