1. Allen Lyons May 2016 I/M Solutions Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1

2.  Vehicle categories ◦ Light-duty gas/diesel ◦ Medium duty gas/diesel ◦ Heavy-duty gas  OBD Focused testing for 2000 and newer gasoline, 1998 and newer diesel  Tailpipe testing for 1976-1999 gasoline 2

3. 3 HD Diesel Vehicle Fleet Impacts EMFAC 2014

4.  Smoke Opacity Inspection for PM gross emitters ◦ Snap Idle test procedure ◦ Roadside Inspections ◦ Periodic Self Inspection  Historically, NOx emission benefits from finding/fixing broken trucks have been hard to obtain  M17 (2003) ◦ ARB studied potential I/M procedure using repair grade dyno.  No clear way to identify which vehicles would benefit from repairs. 4

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7. 7 90% lower Note: Emissions are average in-use emissions by engine model year Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Emission Standards

8.  Fueling System  Particulate Matter Control ◦ PM Filter (DPF) ◦ PM Sensor / Pressure Sensors  NOx Reduction ◦ NOx catalyst ◦ SCR system ◦ NOx sensors  NMHC Catalyst  EGR  Charge Air control ◦ Boost/cooling  HD OBD Equipped (2013+) 8 Malfunctioning emission controls will result in emissions degrading towards uncontrolled levels

9.  Needs to address HD OBD equipped vehicles, and pre-HD OBD vehicles  OBD Equipped Vehicles ◦ 2013+ MY ◦ OBD based Inspection most likely ◦ Remote OBD  Optional / Required?  Research Study to investigate testing methods for high emitters ◦ Literature review (paper study) ◦ Dynamometer, RSD, OBD data collection Pilot driven by paper study ◦ Pre/post repair emission assessments ◦ Benefits and cost effectiveness assessment. ◦ Targeted Pollutants: PM, NOx, GHG, CO, HC 9

10.  Centralized / Decentralized  Testing Interval (e.g., yearly, biennial)  Technician Training/Licensing  Test Equipment Development  Out of state trucks  Can Remote Sensing Play a Role?  Costs and Emission Benefits  HD OBD System Effectiveness Verification ◦ Monitoring performance ◦ Quality of datalink information 10

11.  Cross-divisional team within ARB is working through issues  Anticipating research program start  Starting from a clean sheet of paper, but also paying attention to lessons learned from light-duty program.  Possible Formation of External Work Group ◦ U.S. EPA ◦ Engine/Vehicle Manufacturers ◦ HD Engine Repair Industry ◦ Trucking Associations ◦ Other states (e.g., NESCAUM)  Timing: ARB staff is planning to propose I/M program design to Board within the next 5 years. 11

12.  HD OBD Program Development ◦ Krista Fregoso – kfregoso@arb.ca.gov  (916) 445-5035  Research Program ◦ Hector Maldonado – hmaldona@arb.ca.gov  (916) 445-6015  If all else fails... ◦ Allen Lyons – allen.lyons@arb.ca.gov  (626) 698-1966 12